UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

(Mark One)

☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

OR

☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 001-36903

KORNIT DIGITAL LTD.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Israel
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

12 Ha’Amal St.

Rosh-Ha’Ayin 4809246, Israel

(Address of principal executive offices)

Lauri Hanover, Chief Financial Officer

Kornit Digital Ltd. 

12 Ha’Amal St. 

Rosh-Ha’Ayin 4809246, Israel 

Tel: +972 3 908-5800

Fax: +972 3 908-0280 

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: None

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:

46,051,461 ordinary shares, par value NIS 0.01 per share (which excludes 4,984,877 Treasury shares), as of December 31, 2024

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

☒ Yes ☐ No

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒ 

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. ☐ Item 17 ☐ Item 18

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

☐ Yes ☒ No

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain information included or incorporated by reference in this annual report on Form 20-F may be deemed to be “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are often characterized by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “continue,” “believe,” “should,” “intend,” “project” or other similar words, but are not the only way these statements are identified.

These forward-looking statements may include, but are not limited to, statements relating to our objectives, plans and strategies, statements that contain projections of results of operations or of financial condition and all statements (other than statements of historical facts) that address activities, events or developments that we expect, project, believe, anticipate, intend or project will or may occur in the future. The statements that we make regarding the following matters are forward-looking by their nature:

The preceding list is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all of our forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of future performance, taking into account the information currently available to us. These statements are only predictions based upon our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In particular, you should consider the risks described in “ITEM 3.D. Risk Factors” and the additional information contained in “ITEM 4 Information on the Company” and “ITEM 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.”

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance, and events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or will occur.

USE OF TRADE NAMES

Throughout this annual report, we refer to various trademarks, service marks and trade names that we use in our business. “Kornit Digital”, the “K” logo and other trademarks or service marks of Kornit Digital Ltd. appearing in this annual report are the property of Kornit Digital Ltd. We have several other registered trademarks, service marks and pending applications relating to our solutions. Although we have omitted the “®” and “™” trademark designations for such marks in this annual report, all rights to such trademarks are nevertheless reserved. Other trademarks and service marks appearing in this annual report are the property of their respective holders. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ tradenames, trademarks or service marks to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, these other companies.

CERTAIN ADDITIONAL TERMS AND CONVENTIONS

In this annual report, unless the context otherwise requires:

PART I

ITEM 1. Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers.

Not Applicable.

ITEM 2. Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable.

Not Applicable.

ITEM 3. Key Information.

A. [Reserved]

B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not applicable.

C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not applicable.

D. Risk Factors

Our business involves a high degree of risk. Please carefully consider the risks we describe below in addition to the other information set forth in this annual report and in our other filings with the SEC. These risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” 

The following is a summary of the principal risks that could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition, all of which are more fully described below. This summary should be read in conjunction with the other information discussed in this Item 3.D, and should not be relied upon as an exhaustive summary of the material risks facing our business. Please carefully consider all of the information discussed in this Item 3.D. “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this annual report for a more thorough description of these and other risks.

Summary of Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry

Summary of Risks Related to Intellectual Property

Summary of Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares

Summary of Risks Related to Our Operations in Israel

Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry

If the market’s rate of adoption of digital textile printing does not develop as we anticipate, our sales may not grow as expected and our share price could decline.

The global printed textile industry remains dominated by analog printing processes, the most common of which are screen printing and carousel printing. The development of the digital textile printing market has been slower than we anticipated. If the global printed textile market does not more broadly accept digital printing as an alternative to analog printing, our revenues may be adversely affected and our share price could suffer. Widespread adoption of digital textile printing depends on, among other things, the willingness and ability of businesses in the printed textile industry to replace their existing analog printing systems with digital printing systems. These businesses may decide that digital printing processes are less reliable, less cost-effective, of lower quality, or otherwise less suitable for their commercial needs than analog printing processes. For example, screen printing currently tends to be faster and less expensive than digital printing on a cost per print basis for larger production runs. Even if businesses are persuaded as to the benefits of digital printing, we do not know whether potential buyers of digital printing systems will delay their investment decisions. As a result, we may not correctly estimate demand for our solutions, which could cause us to fail to meet market expectations for our business.

Our results of operations depend in part on achieving market acceptance for our new products.

Our ability to develop innovative new systems and products is important to our business strategy and competitive position. Difficulties or delays in research, development, production or commercialization of new systems and products could adversely impact our sales and competitive position. Market acceptance of our new systems depends, among other things, on the systems demonstrating a real advantage over existing solutions, the success of our sales and marketing teams in creating awareness of the system, the sales price and the return on investment of the system relative to alternative systems, customer recognition of the value of our technology, the effectiveness of our marketing campaigns, and the general willingness of potential customers to try new technologies. If the market does not accept our new system, our business, results of operations and financial condition will be adversely affected.

If our customers use alternative ink and consumables and/or alternative spare parts in our systems, our gross margin could decline significantly, and our business could be harmed.

Our business model is favorably impacted by recurring sales of our ink and other consumables and spare parts for our existing and growing installed base of systems. Third-party ink and other consumables and spare parts might be less expensive or otherwise more appealing to our customers than our ink and other consumables and spare parts. Significant sales of third-party inks and other consumables and spare parts to our customers would adversely impact our revenues and adversely impact our gross margins and overall profitability. In addition, the use of third-party ink could cause our print heads to clog or otherwise malfunction since our systems are set up to operate at the highest throughput level only when using our original ink and other consumables. We have sought to prevent this in part by protecting the innovations underlying our ink and other consumables through patents and other forms of intellectual property protections. Use of third-party ink and other consumables would also void the warranty over our systems. We also include an RFID mechanism with our ink tanks. These steps may be challenged. Any reduction in our ability to market and sell our ink and other consumables and spare parts for use in our systems may adversely impact our future revenues and our overall profitability.

We face increased competition and if we do not compete successfully, our revenues and demand for our solutions could decline.

The principal competition for our direct-to-garment (DTG) systems comes from manufacturers of industrial DTG printers, analog screen-printing systems, and digital hybrid systems such as M&R Printing Equipment, ROQ and Brother. We also face some competition in this market from Aeoon, Seiko Epson Corporation, Ricoh Company Ltd, Oveljet and several smaller competitors that offer industrial level production capacity through multiple entry level systems. More recently, there has been an increase in the adoption of commercial level direct-to-film (DTF) printing methodologies, a sub-segment of traditional heat transfer, which are intended to replace direct-to-garment printing for specific applications such as multiple placements. Our main competitors in direct-to-film printing are M&R, Mimaki, Adelco and Brother.

Our competitors in the Direct-to-Fabric market include: Atexco, EFI Regiani, Epson, Durst and several other smaller competitors. The principal competition for our Kornit^X global fulfillment network (GFN) offering which enables on-demand production of textiles and other goods, comes from a variety of virtual marketplaces that are offering certain fulfillment services or applications, or purpose-built direct API connectivity to specific fulfillers.

Current and future competitors may be able to respond more quickly to changes in customer demands and devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their printers and ink and other consumables than we can. Our current and potential competitors in both the direct-to-garment and direct-to-fabric markets may also develop and market new technologies that render our existing solutions unmarketable or less competitive. In addition, if these competitors develop products with similar or superior functionality to our solutions at prices comparable to or lower than ours, we may be forced to decrease the prices of our solutions in order to remain competitive, which could reduce our gross margins.

A significant portion of our sales is concentrated among a small number of customers, and our business would be adversely affected by a decline in sales to, or the loss of, those customers.

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, our ten largest customers accounted for approximately 60% and 49% of our revenues, respectively. During those same years, out of the foregoing group of largest customers, Amazon Corporate LLC, a subsidiary of Amazon.com, Inc., which we collectively refer to as Amazon, accounted for approximately 30% and 20% of our revenues, respectively. Given the concentration of our revenues with these customers, the loss of either Amazon or another one of our significant customers, or variability in their order flows, could materially adversely affect our revenues and results of operations.

Macro-economic headwinds caused by inflation, relatively high interest rates and limited credit availability have been adversely impacting our revenues and profitability, and may continue to do so.

Our business depends on overall demand within the global printed fashion and textile industries, the economic health of our current and prospective clients and worldwide economic conditions. Adverse economic conditions, including inflation, which was high in recent years, on the prices of goods and services have impacted the capital budgets of our customers and potential customers, who have less money to invest in our systems. Higher interest rates, which were implemented by central banks to curb inflation, while having been reduced to a certain extent recently, have worsened credit/financing conditions for our customers and adversely impacted their ability to purchase our products. These factors have also delayed or lengthened our sales cycles, have inhibited our international expansion, have led to longer collection cycles for payments due from our customers, and may potentially result in an increase in customer bad debt. As a result of these conditions, customers have found it harder to obtain financing to fund their purchase of our systems. While the long-term implications of macroeconomic events on our business, results of operations and overall financial position remain uncertain, in the short term these headwinds have challenged our business. We have experienced declines in systems revenues and a slower growth rate in services revenues (although consumables revenues have grown), which has led to recent overall declines in our revenues.

In addition to exerting the foregoing impact, macro-economic headwinds may amplify a number of risks for us, including, but not limited to, the following:

The full impact of economic and other headwinds on our business and our future performance may also have the effect of heightening any of our other risk factors described in this annual report and is difficult to predict how long those headwinds will continue. As such, there is risk that any expectations for our business and guidance we provide to the market may be incorrect.

Our quarterly results of operations have fluctuated in the past and may fluctuate in the future due to variability in our revenues.

Our revenues and other results of operations have fluctuated from quarter to quarter in the past and could continue to fluctuate in the future. Our revenues depend in part on the sale and delivery of our systems, and we cannot predict with certainty when sales transactions for our systems will close or when we will be able to recognize the revenues from such sales, which generally occurs upon delivery of our systems. Customers that we expect to purchase our systems may delay doing so due to timing of obtaining regulatory permits, site readiness, or a change in their priorities or business plans, including as a result of adverse general economic conditions that may disproportionately impact the ability of the small-mid size businesses that constitute a significant portion of our customer base to expend capital or access financing sources. Such conditions could also force us to reduce our prices or limit our ability to profit from economies of scale, which could harm our gross margins. As a result of these factors, we may fail to meet market expectations for any given quarter if sales that we expect for that quarter are delayed until subsequent quarters or canceled. The closing of one or more large transactions in a particular quarter may make it more difficult for us to meet market expectations in subsequent quarters, and our failure to close one or more large transactions in a particular quarter could adversely impact our revenues and margins for that quarter. In addition, we may experience slower growth in our gross margins as our new systems gain commercial acceptance. Our gross margins may also fluctuate based on the regions in which sales of these systems occur.

Our customers generally purchase our ink and other consumables on an as-needed basis, and delays in making such purchases by a number of customers could result in a meaningful shift of revenues from one quarter to the next. Moreover, we typically maintain inventories of ink and other consumables sufficient to cover our average sales for at least one quarter ahead. These inventories may not match customers’ demands for any given quarter, which could cause shortages or excesses in our ink and other consumables inventory and result in fluctuations of our quarterly revenues. To the extent that we have excess ink and consumables inventory that we are unable to sell due to expiration dates, we may have to write off such inventory. These inventory requirements may also limit our ability to profit from economies of scale in the production of our ink and other consumables. The ongoing military conflicts involving Israel have caused us to increase our inventory levels in the principal regions in which our sales occur, in order to prevent a potential failure by us to supply our customers if our Israeli facilities and supply line were to be damaged or discontinued (as applicable), thereby heightening the foregoing risks associated with excess inventory.

Furthermore, we base our current and future expense levels on our revenue forecasts and operating plans, and our costs are relatively fixed in the short term, due in part to extended supply and logistics lead times required for ordering certain components of our systems either directly by us or by our contracted manufacturers. Although we took decisive actions to reduce our cost structure over the last two years, we may nevertheless not be able to reduce our costs sufficiently to compensate for an unexpected shortfall in revenues during a particular future quarter, and even a relatively small decrease in revenues could disproportionately and adversely affect our financial results for that quarter. The variability and unpredictability of these and other factors could result in our failing to meet financial expectations for a given period.

Our contractual arrangements with Amazon, a significant customer, contain a number of material undertakings by us and other agreements the impact of which cannot be fully predicted in advance.

In January 2017, we entered into a master purchase agreement with an affiliate of Amazon.com, Inc. governing sales of our systems and ink and other consumables at agreed-upon prices that vary based on sales volumes. We also agreed to provide maintenance services and extended warranties to Amazon at agreed prices. The term of the agreement was five years beginning on May 1, 2016, and extends automatically for additional one-year periods unless terminated by Amazon. Pursuant to the master purchase agreement, we have issued to an affiliate of Amazon warrants to acquire up to 3,401,028 of our ordinary shares at a purchase price of $59.26 per share, of which 1,943,445 were vested and exercisable as of December 31, 2024. These warrants vest over a five-year period that began in January 2021 based on payments made by Amazon in connection with the purchase of goods and services from us. The value of the warrants that are currently outstanding is based on their fair value as of the grant date of September 14, 2020.

Our contractual agreements with Amazon contain a number of material undertakings and other arrangements:

The impact of the provisions listed above cannot be fully predicted in advance and could, in certain circumstances, adversely impact our business or results of operations, or the manner in which investors or analysts assess and perceive our performance. Additionally, to the extent Amazon determines to change the level and/or timing of its consumable and service orders under the master purchase agreement or we agree with Amazon on changes to the agreement, or Amazon elects not to renew the agreement, our financial results may be adversely affected.

If our relationships with suppliers, especially with single source suppliers of components, were to terminate, our business could be harmed.

We maintain an inventory of parts to facilitate the timely assembly of our systems, production of our ink and other consumables, and servicing our installed base. Most components are available from multiple suppliers, although certain components used in our systems and ink and other consumables, such as our print heads and certain chemicals included in our inks, are only available from single or limited sources as described below.

The loss of any of these suppliers, or of a supplier for which there are limited other sources, could result in the delay of the manufacture and delivery of our systems or inks and other consumables.

Other risks resulting from our reliance on suppliers include:

If any of these risks materializes, the costs associated with developing alternative sources of supply or assembly in a timely manner could have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet demand for our solutions; our ability to generate revenues could be impaired, market acceptance of our solutions could be adversely affected, and customers may instead purchase or use alternative products. We may not be able to find new or alternative components of a requisite quality or we may find that we are unable to reconfigure our systems and manufacturing processes in a timely manner if the necessary components become unavailable. As a result, we could incur increased production costs, experience delays in the delivery of our solutions and suffer harm to our reputation, which may have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Overcapacity in the global printed fashion and textile industries has caused and may continue to cause our customers to underutilize existing printing systems that they have purchased from us and to reduce their orders for new systems. That could similarly cause us to underutilize our new ink manufacturing facility. Such a trend could reduce our operating margins and have a material adverse effect on our financial performance.

It is difficult to predict future demand for printing in the global printed fashion and textile industries in which we operate, which makes it challenging for our customers to estimate future requirements for production capacity and avoid periods of overcapacity. Fluctuations in the growth rate of our customers’ businesses relative to the growth rate in demand for our printing systems also can lead to overcapacity for our customers and contribute to cyclicality in the market for our systems.

Capacity expansion projects have long lead times and require capital commitments based on forecasted product trends and demand well in advance of production orders from customers. In recent years, we have made significant capital investments to expand our systems and materials capacity to address forecasted future demand patterns, including our investment in our ink manufacturing facility in Kiryat Gat. These capacity additions may exceed the near-term demand requirements for our products, including both systems and consumables, leading to overcapacity situations and underutilization of our manufacturing facilities.

As many of our manufacturing costs are fixed, these costs cannot be reduced in proportion to the reduced revenues experienced during periods of underutilization. Underutilization of our manufacturing facilities can adversely affect our gross margin and other operating results. If demand for our products experiences a prolonged decrease, we may be required to close or idle facilities and write down our long-lived assets or shorten the useful lives of underutilized assets and accelerate depreciation, which would increase our expenses.

Our expected reliance, for an increasing portion of our future long-term revenues, on our All-Inclusive Click (AIC™) model, under which we retain ownership of our systems, while our customers operate the systems and are charged a fixed fee per impression, bears certain accompanying risks.

In 2024, we introduced our All-Inclusive Click (AIC™) model, designed to provide our customers with a predictable, scalable, and cost-effective approach to digital printing. Under this model, we retain ownership of our printing systems, while our customers operate the systems and are charged a fixed fee per impression produced. While we believe this pay-per-use model enables us to capture an additional portion of our potential market, consisting of customers who would not otherwise be willing or able to commit to the capital expenditure for purchasing our new systems outright, it nevertheless also could have certain adverse consequences for our business and results of operations, including, without limitation, any of the following:

To mitigate the foregoing risks, it is essential that we carefully design the pricing structure of our pay-per impression business model, monitor usage of our systems closely under that model, and establish strong customer engagement strategies to enhance loyalty and satisfaction. To the extent we do not successfully implement each of the foregoing safeguards related to that business model, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected in a material manner.

Our move towards a higher proportion of direct sales in place of indirect sales may have adverse consequences.

Our go-to-market strategy consists of a hybrid model of indirect and direct sales, depending on the specific territory into which we are selling. We continually evaluate that strategy in the geographies we serve in an effort to best serve our direct or indirect customers. When we shift towards a direct sales model in relevant territories, we may experience an initial disruption to our sales efforts in those jurisdictions as we transition from our previous sales structure. In addition, a shift to a direct sales model might result in a short-term impact on our results of operations, including due to separation fees, the acquisition of inventory that requires a step up in basis and other such accounting impacts and costs associated with increased headcount and related expenses.

Our Kiryat Gat ink manufacturing facility was constructed on lands leased by us from the Israel Lands Administration, or ILA, under a long term (49 years) lease agreement. If we are unable to continue to lease such lands, we would be unable to use the facility and our results of operations and future prospects will suffer as a result.

In November 2018, we entered into a development agreement, which we refer to as the Development Agreement, with the ILA for the construction of our ink manufacturing facility in Kiryat Gat on lands leased from the ILA. Construction was concluded at the end of 2021, and we officially opened the facility on January 26, 2022. Following the completion of the construction and our receipt of all required approvals from the ILA, we entered into a long-term lease agreement with the ILA, or the Lease Agreement, for a period of 49 years and which may be renewed for an additional 49 years, which agreement has replaced the Development Agreement. The Development Agreement provided, and the Lease Agreement provides, that if our company were a “foreign subject,” which includes being under foreign control (i.e., a majority of our ordinary shares held by non-Israelis), that would constitute a fundamental breach under the agreement. We followed (in the case of each of the Development Agreement and the Lease Agreement) a specific standard process for seeking approval from the ILA for our entering into the agreement. However, because of our potential status as a “foreign subject,” given that our shares are traded on Nasdaq and are held by multiple shareholders whose identities are unknown, the ILA would be entitled to terminate that agreement if it determines that our company is a “foreign subject”. If the Lease Agreement is terminated, we would be unable to use the new Kiryat Gat facility constructed on that property, which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. 

Disruption of operations at our manufacturing site or those of third-party manufacturers could prevent us from filling customer orders on a timely basis.

We manufacture our ink and other consumables at our facility in Kiryat Gat, Israel. We rely on contract manufacturing services provided by Flex, and Sanmina-SCI Israel Medical Systems Ltd. which are also in Israel, to assemble our printing and curing systems. We expect that almost all of our revenues in the near term will be derived from the systems and ink and other consumables manufactured at these facilities.

The loss of any of these contract manufacturers could result in the delay of the assembly and delivery of our systems. If that occurs or these contract manufacturers cease to provide manufacturing services for any reason, the costs associated with developing alternative sources of assembly in a timely manner could have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet demand for our solutions. Our ability to generate revenues could be impaired, market acceptance of our solutions could be adversely affected, and customers may instead purchase or use alternative products.

If operations in any of these facilities were to be disrupted due to a major equipment failure or power failure lasting beyond the capabilities of backup generators or other events outside of our reasonable control (including due to a military attack against Israel during its ongoing military conflicts), our manufacturing capacity could be shut down for an extended period, we could experience a loss of raw materials or finished goods inventory and our ability to operate our business would be harmed. While we have increased our inventory levels in global regions in order to hedge against a potential stoppage of our ability to supply our customers from Israel due to the recent military conflicts involving Israel, there is nevertheless no guarantee as to the sufficiency of those increased levels. In addition, in any such event, the repair or reconstruction of our or our third-party manufacturers’ manufacturing facilities and storage facilities could take a significant amount of time. During this period, we or our third-party manufacturers would be unable to manufacture some or all of our systems or we may not be able to produce adequate volumes of our ink and other consumables.

Significant disruptions of our information technology systems or breaches of our data security could adversely affect our business.

We have invested in advanced protective systems to reduce our cybersecurity and data protection risks, some of which have been installed and others that are still in the process of installation. In addition, we back up our data regularly. We have designated a special committee of executives to assess, among others, our cybersecurity and data protection risks and develop and implement a data security policy. We also created an annual program to ensure our data safety. This program includes self-evaluations, auditing, tests, and third-party evaluation. Based on information provided to us by the suppliers of our protective systems, we believe that our level of protection is in keeping with the customary practices of peer technology companies. We also maintain back-up files for much of our information, as a means of assuring that a breach or cyber-attack does not necessarily cause the loss of that information. We furthermore review our protections and remedial measures periodically in order to ensure that they are adequate, and, accordingly, we carry customary levels of cybersecurity and data protection insurance coverage.

Despite these protective systems and remedial measures, techniques used to obtain unauthorized access are constantly changing, are becoming increasingly more sophisticated and often are not recognized until after an exploitation of information has occurred. We may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement sufficient preventative measures, and we therefore cannot assure you that our preventative measures will be successful in preventing compromise and/or disruption of our information technology systems and related data. We furthermore cannot be certain that our remedial measures will fully mitigate the adverse financial consequences of any cyber-attack or incident.

A significant breach, interruption, destruction or breakdown of our information technology, or IT, systems and/or infrastructure by persons with authorized or unauthorized access could negatively impact our business and operations. We could also experience business interruption, information theft and/or reputational damage from cyber-attacks, which may compromise our systems and lead to data leakage either internally or at our third-party suppliers or customers. Both data that has been inputted into our main IT platform, which covers records of customers, end-users of our systems, transactions, financial data, employees, pricing and other data reflected in our results of operations, as well as data related to our proprietary rights (such as research and development, and other intellectual property- related data, including: ink formulas; source code for our systems, software and cloud services; undisclosed plans; and email lists), are subject to material cyber security risks. Our IT systems have been, and are expected to continue to be, the target of malware and other cyber-attacks. To date, we are not aware of any loss of, or disruption to, material information as a result of any such malware or cyber-attack. To the extent that a cyber-attack is successful, we could incur significant expense, depending on the severity of the attack, and that attack could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.

Import tariffs, taxes, customs duties and other trading regulations imposed by the U.S. government and retaliatory responses from other countries, could significantly increase the prices we pay for raw materials that are critical to our ability to manufacture our systems, and could also adversely impact the economies of countries in which our customers operate, thereby reducing demand for our systems and consumables in those countries.

Import tariffs, taxes, customs duties and other trading regulations imposed by the U.S. government on foreign countries, or by foreign countries on the U.S., could directly or indirectly significantly increase the prices we pay for raw materials that are critical to our ability to manufacture our systems. In particular, the current U.S. administration has expressed a desire to impose substantial new or increased tariffs on goods imported from certain trade partners, such as the EU and China, which have resulted, and may continue to result, in reciprocal tariffs on goods exported from the United States to such trade partners. We may be unable to locate suppliers to provide the necessary raw materials for our products on an economical basis in the amounts we require. That could result in an increase in the cost of raw materials and components used in certain of our systems, which could, in turn, increase our cost of goods sold.

Trade barriers and other governmental action related to tariffs around the world also have the potential to hurt the global printed fashion and textile industries in which our customers operate, by decreasing demand for our customers’ products. New tariffs could also more broadly adversely impact the country-specific or regional economies in which we operate and into which we offer our systems and consumables. Those adverse effects could, in turn, decrease our customers’ demand for our printing systems and consumables, and result in a decrease in our revenues.

Any widespread imposition of new or increased tariffs could, therefore, both increase the cost of producing, and reduce the demand for, our products, and any such cost increases will either require us to increase prices (which could reduce our sales) or could negatively impact our profit margins, and could, therefore, have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.  

We and our customers are subject to extensive environmental, health and safety laws and regulations which, if not met, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our manufacturing and development facilities use chemicals and produce waste materials, which require us to hold business licenses that may include conditions set by the Ministry of Environmental Protection for the operations of such facilities. We are also subject to extensive environmental, health and safety laws and regulations governing, among other things, the use, storage, registration, handling and disposal of chemicals and waste materials, the presence of specified substances in electrical products, air, water and ground contamination, air emissions and the clean-up of contaminated sites. In the future we may incur expenditure of significant amounts in the event of non-compliance and/or remediation. Furthermore, requirements of environmental laws have adversely affected and may continue to adversely affect the ability of our customers to install and use our systems in a timely manner. If we fail to comply with such laws or regulations, we may be subject to fines and other civil, administrative or criminal sanctions, including the revocation of our toxin permit, business permits, or other permits and licenses necessary to continue our business activities. In addition, we may be required to pay damages or civil judgments in respect of third-party claims, including those relating to personal injury, including exposure to hazardous substances that we use, store, handle, transport, manufacture or dispose of, or property damage. Some environmental, health and safety laws and regulations allow for strict, joint and several liability for remediation costs, regardless of comparative fault. We may be identified as a potentially responsible party under such laws. In addition, our customers may encounter delays in obtaining or be unable to obtain regulatory permits to operate our systems in their facilities, which may result in cancellation or delay of orders of our systems.

The export of our products internationally subjects us to environmental laws and regulations concerning the import and export of chemicals and hazardous substances. In the European marketplace, electrical and electronic equipment is required to comply with the Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment, or WEEE, which aims to prevent waste by encouraging reuse and recycling, and the Directive on Restriction of Use of Certain Hazardous Substances, or RoHS, which restricts the use of ten hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products. Additionally, we are required to comply with certain laws, regulations and directives such as the United States Toxic Substances Control Act, or TSCA, and the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical Substances, or REACH. These laws and regulations may require the testing and registration of some chemicals that we ship along with, or that form a part of, our systems and other products. If we fail to comply with these or similar laws and regulations, we may be required to make significant expenditures to reformulate the chemicals that we use in our products and materials or incur costs to register such chemicals to gain and/or regain compliance. Additionally, we could be subject to significant fines or other civil and criminal penalties should we not achieve such compliance.

Any such developments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Environmental, health and safety laws and regulations may also change from time to time. Complying with any new requirements may involve substantial costs and could cause significant disruptions to our research, development, manufacturing, and sales.

Achieving satisfactory compliance levels with respect to the environmental impact of our operations and products could result in our incurring additional costs, and our failure to achieve such levels could adversely impact our reputation, employee retention, and willingness of customers to do business with us.

Investor advocacy groups, certain institutional investors, investment funds, lenders and other market participants, shareholders, and customers have focused increasingly on the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) or “sustainability” practices of companies. These parties have ascribed increased importance to the implications of the social cost of their investments. While we have not implemented significant new ESG initiatives, we continue to monitor developments in this area and assess how ESG-related considerations may impact our business, operations, and long-term strategy. Our approach remains focused on ensuring that any ESG-related initiatives we undertake align with our business objectives, regulatory developments, and stakeholder expectations. As ESG standards and disclosure requirements evolve, we will continue to evaluate opportunities to enhance our approach in a manner that is practical and value-driven for our company and shareholders.

A failure or perceived failure by us to set appropriate goals and prioritize ESG practices could negatively impact our reputation, employee retention, and the willingness of our customers to do business with us.

Exchange rate fluctuations between the U.S. dollar and the Israeli shekel, the Euro and other non-U.S. currencies may negatively affect our earnings.

The U.S. dollar is our functional and reporting currency. However, a significant portion of our operating expenses are incurred in Israeli shekels, or NIS. As a result, we are exposed to the risk that the NIS may appreciate relative to the dollar, or, if the NIS instead devalues relative to the dollar, that the inflation rate in Israel may exceed such rate of devaluation of the NIS, or that the timing of such devaluation may lag behind inflation in Israel. In any such event, the dollar cost of our operations in Israel would increase and our dollar-denominated results of operations would be adversely affected. To protect against an increase in the dollar-denominated value of expenses paid in NIS during the year, we have instituted a foreign currency cash flow hedging program, which seeks to hedge a portion of the economic exposure associated with our anticipated NIS-denominated expenses using derivative instruments. We expect that the substantial majority of our revenues will continue to be denominated in U.S. dollars for the foreseeable future and that a significant portion of our expenses will continue to be denominated in NIS. We cannot provide any assurances that our hedging activities will be successful in protecting us in full from adverse impacts from currency exchange rate fluctuations since we only plan to hedge a portion of our foreign currency exposure, and we cannot predict any future trends in the rate of inflation in Israel or the rate of devaluation (if any) of the NIS against the dollar. The NIS depreciated relative to the U.S. dollar by 4.0%, 9.7% and 0.4% in 2022, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Because the NIS- U.S. dollar currency exchange rate is often reflective of economic, political and military developments in Israel, the United States and the rest of the world, future movements of that exchange rate are hard to predict. The annual rate of inflation in Israel amounted to 5.3%, 3.0%, and 3.2% in 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively. If the dollar cost of our operations increases, our dollar-measured results of operations will be adversely affected. See “ITEM 11. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk-Foreign Currency Risk.”

In addition, a material portion of our leases are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, mainly in NIS. In accordance with a lease accounting standard, which became effective on January 1, 2019, the associated lease liabilities will be remeasured using the current exchange rate in future reporting periods, which may result in material foreign exchange gains or losses. See Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies”, to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 18 of this annual report for more details.

Our business could suffer if we are unable to attract and retain key employees.

Our success depends upon the continued service and performance of our senior management and other key personnel. Our senior executive team is critical to the management of our business and operations, as well as to the development of our strategies. The loss of the services of any of these personnel could delay or prevent the continued successful implementation of our growth strategy, or our commercialization of new applications for our systems and ink and other consumables or could otherwise affect our ability to manage our company effectively and to carry out our business plan. Members of our senior management team may resign at any time. High demand exists for senior management and other key personnel in our industry. There can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to retain such personnel. We have recently experienced changes in senior personnel, notably, our EVP operations in December 2023 (replaced in July 2024), our Chief Marketing Officer (replaced in March 2024), our EVP corporate development in June 2024, our EVP R&D in December 2024 (replaced in January 2025) and certain changes in our regional presidents’ roles. To the extent that we experience additional frequent changes in our leadership team (or the leadership teams of our subsidiaries) going forward, that could adversely affect our performance in a material manner.

Our growth and success also depend on our ability to attract and retain additional highly qualified scientific, technical, sales, managerial, operational, HR, marketing and finance personnel. We compete to attract qualified personnel, and, in some jurisdictions in which we operate, the existence of non-competition agreements between prospective employees and their former employers may prevent us from hiring those individuals or subject us to lawsuits from their former employers. While we attempt to provide competitive compensation packages to attract and retain key personnel, some of our competitors have greater resources and more experience than we have, making it difficult for us to compete successfully for key personnel. At our primary location in Israel, the ongoing war has resulted in the calling into active duty of reservists, thereby reducing the available workforce for key personnel. On the other hand, country-wide economic activity has slowed for periods of the war, thereby reducing demand for skilled human capital in the Israeli market. If we cannot attract and retain sufficiently qualified technical employees for our research and development operations on acceptable terms, we may not be able to continue to competitively develop and commercialize our solutions or new applications for our existing systems. Further, any failure to effectively integrate new personnel could prevent us from successfully growing our company.

Under applicable employment laws, we may not be able to enforce covenants not to compete and therefore may be unable to prevent our competitors from benefiting from the expertise of some of our former employees.

We generally enter into non-competition agreements with our employees. These agreements prohibit our employees, if they cease working for us, from competing directly with us or working for our competitors or clients for a limited period. We may be unable to enforce these agreements under the laws of the jurisdictions in which our employees work and it may be difficult for us to restrict our competitors from benefiting from the expertise that our former employees or consultants developed while working for us. For example, Israeli labor courts have required employers seeking to enforce non-compete undertakings of a former employee to demonstrate that the competitive activities of the former employee will harm one of a limited number of material interests of the employer that have been recognized by the courts, such as the secrecy of a company’s trade secrets or other intellectual property. If we cannot demonstrate that such interests will be harmed, we may be unable to prevent our competitors from benefiting from the expertise of our former employees or consultants and our ability to remain competitive may be diminished. As to our U.S. operations, on the U.S. federal level, there was movement in 2023 by federal agencies to make noncompete agreements unenforceable in general. The Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, implemented a rule on April 23, 2024 to ban employers nationwide from using non-compete agreements with their employees and independent contractors. On August 20, 2024, a federal district court issued an order stopping the FTC from enforcing the rule. The FTC has appealed against that decision and in the meantime, the district court’s decision does not prevent the FTC from addressing noncompete restrictions through case-by-case enforcement actions. In addition, the General Counsel of the National Labor Relations Board issued a memo in March 2023 opining that many types of non-compete and non-solicitation restrictions unlawfully interfere with employees’ protected rights under Section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act. If any of these proposed new U.S. federal restrictions become and/or remain effective, or if any state in which we have operations continues to expand restrictions or bans the use of non-compete restrictions, that could adversely impact our ability to protect our investment in our key employees in our U.S. locations, and harm our competitive position.

We have a significant presence in international markets and plan to continue to expand our international operations, which exposes us to a number of risks that could affect our future growth.

We have a worldwide sales, marketing and support infrastructure that is comprised of independent distributors and value-added resellers, and our own personnel resulting in a global sales, marketing and support presence, including in North America, Western and Eastern Europe, the Asia Pacific region and Latin America. We continue to evaluate our overall workforce in all areas, including sales, applications development, field support, marketing and engineering and, in some cases, establish new relationships with agents, distributors or channel partners, particularly in markets where we currently do not have a sales or customer support presence. As we continue to expand our international sales and operations, we are subject to a number of risks, including the following:

Any of these risks could adversely affect our international operations, reduce our revenues from outside the United States or increase our operating costs, adversely affecting our business, reputation, results of operations and financial condition and growth prospects. There can be no assurance that all of our employees and channel partners will comply with the formal policies that we have in place and/or will implement them or will adhere to all applicable laws and regulations. Violations of laws or key control policies by our employees and channel partners could result in delays in revenue recognition, financial reporting misstatements, fines, penalties or the prohibition of the importation or exportation of our products and services and could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We manufacture and sell products that may create exposure to product liability, warranty liability, or personal injury claims and litigation that may harm our business and results of operations.

Product quality and safety issues could negatively impact consumer confidence in our brand and our business. Our products may not successfully achieve applicable safety standards or customers’ expectations regarding safety or quality. Our products may contain or, be alleged to contain, components containing hazardous materials that may present certain health, safety, or quality concerns. Additionally, from time to time, system errors and/or deficiencies may be discovered in the design, manufacturing, assembling, labeling and product formulations of our systems, parts, ink, and other consumables, and associated software. Hazardous materials, errors, and/or deficiencies may also be identified in materials, components, and systems produced by others and used with or incorporated into our products. Some of these issues may not be apparent until after certain products are installed or used by customers, including in circumstances where a product is first introduced, or a new version is released. We expect that these errors or defects will be found from time to time in new or enhanced systems after commencement of commercial distribution or upon software upgrades.

To the extent that any error, deficiency, or hazardous component (which presents a safety concern) exists in any of our products and is not discovered and corrected before a product is introduced to the market, such product could be unsafe and/or could cause damage, including property damage, personal injury, or death. In such circumstances, the actual, potential, or perceived product safety concerns and/or defects in the manufacturing or design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, or strict liability could expose us to litigation relating to product liability, warranty liability, or personal injury, as well as government enforcement actions.

Such litigation could force us to incur significant expenses, divert management’s time and attention, subject us to adverse publicity, and damage our reputation and competitive position. A successful assertion of a claim against us may result in potentially significant monetary damages, penalties, or fines and adversely affect sales of our products. Although we carry insurance policies covering this type of liability, these policies may not provide sufficient protection should a claim be asserted against us. In addition, costs or payments made in connection with warranty and product liability claims and system recalls could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations in a material manner. Product liability claims, injuries, defects, or other problems experienced by other companies in the digital printing industry could lead to unfavorable market conditions for the industry as a whole.

We have acquired businesses and may acquire other businesses and/or companies, which could require significant management attention, disrupt our business, dilute shareholder value, and adversely affect our results of operations.

As part of our business strategy, we have acquired businesses and may acquire or make investments in other complementary companies, products or technologies. If we are unsuccessful at integrating such acquisitions or the technologies associated with such acquisitions, our revenues and results of operations may be adversely affected. Any integration process may require significant time and resources, and we may not be able to manage the process successfully. We may not be able to find suitable acquisition candidates, and we may not be able to complete such acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all. If we complete other acquisitions, we may not ultimately strengthen our competitive position or achieve our goals, and any acquisitions we complete could be viewed negatively by our customers, analysts and investors. In addition, we may not successfully evaluate or utilize the acquired technology or personnel, or accurately forecast the financial impact of an acquisition transaction, including accounting charges. We may have to pay cash, incur debt or issue equity securities to pay for any such acquisition, each of which could adversely affect our financial condition or the value of our ordinary shares. The sale of equity or issuance of debt to finance any such acquisitions could result in dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could also include covenants or other restrictions that would impede our ability to manage our operations.

We may be subject to additional tax liabilities in the future as a result of audits of our tax returns.

We are subject to income taxes principally in Israel, United States, Germany, Hong-Kong, United Kingdom, and Japan. Significant judgment is required in evaluating our uncertain tax positions and determining our provision for income taxes, and if the relevant tax authority does not agree with the positions that we take, we could be subject to tax audit and face significant tax liabilities, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. We were recently subject to such a tax audit for the years 2020 to 2021 by the Israeli Tax Authority, or ITA, in respect of which we ultimately reached a settlement with the ITA. We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” ASC 740, which prescribes the use of the liability method, whereby deferred tax asset and liability account balances are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse.

We account for uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740-10 two-step approach to recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that, on an evaluation of the technical merits, the tax position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% (cumulative probability) likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. We currently maintain reserves for uncertain tax positions. If the potential tax liabilities in respect of which we have taken these reserves exceed the amount of those reserves, that may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. For more information on our tax positions please refer to Note 14 to our financial statements that appear in Item 18 of this annual report.

We are subject to risks associated with the provision of Kornit^X cloud-based software

Kornit^X is a subscription software service for the management of on-demand production. We do not expect the Kornit^X offering to have a material impact on our overall results of operations in the very near term; however, we believe that it nonetheless exposes us to several potential risks, including the following:

If any of the foregoing risks materializes, our reputation may be adversely impacted, which could, in turn, adversely impact sales of our products and diminish customer confidence in us.

We are subject to litigation. Any current or future lawsuits to which we are subject may have a significant adverse effect on our financial condition or profitability.

We are currently subject to securities class action litigation (as described below in “ITEM 8.A Financial Information- Legal Proceedings- Securities Class Action Lawsuit”) and could be subject to further litigation in the future.

We can provide no assurance as to the outcome of any current or future lawsuits, and any such actions may result in judgments against us for significant damages. Resolution of any such matters can be prolonged and costly, and the ultimate results or judgments are uncertain due to the inherent uncertainty in litigation and other proceedings. Moreover, our potential liabilities are subject to change over time due to new developments, changes in settlement strategy or the impact of evidentiary requirements. Regardless of the outcome, litigation has resulted in the past, and may result in the future, in significant legal expenses and require significant attention and resources of management. As a result, any present or future litigation could result in losses, damages and expenses that have a significant adverse effect on our financial condition and profitability.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

If we are unable to obtain patent protection for our solutions or otherwise protect our intellectual property rights, our business could suffer.

The success of our business depends on our ability to protect our proprietary technology and other intellectual property and to enforce our rights in that intellectual property. We attempt to protect our intellectual property under patent, trademark, copyright and trade secret laws, and through a combination of confidentiality procedures, contractual provisions and other methods, all of which offer only limited protection.

As of December 31, 2024, we owned 54 issued patents in the United States and 27 provisional or pending U.S. patent applications, along with 41 pending non-U.S. patent applications. We also had 42 patents issued in non-U.S. jurisdictions, and 5 pending Patent Cooperation Treaty patent applications, which are counterparts of our U.S. patent applications. The non-U.S. jurisdictions in which we have issued patents or pending applications are China, the European Union or European countries of the European Union including 3 Unitary Patents, Mexico, Israel, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Japan and India. We may file additional patent applications in the future. The process of obtaining patent protection is expensive, time-consuming, and uncertain, and we may not be able to pursue all necessary or desirable patent applications at a reasonable cost or in a timely manner all the way through to the successful issuance of a patent. We may choose not to seek patent protection for certain innovations and may choose not to pursue patent protection in certain jurisdictions. Furthermore, it is possible that our patent applications may not issue as granted patents, that the scope of our issued patents will be insufficient or not have the coverage originally sought, that our issued patents will not provide us with any competitive advantages, and that our patents and other intellectual property rights may be challenged by others through administrative processes or litigation resulting in patent claims being narrowed, invalidated, or unenforceable. In addition, issuance of a patent does not guarantee that we have an absolute right to practice the patented invention. Our policy is to require our employees (and our consultants and service providers, including third-party manufacturers of our systems and components, that develop intellectual property included in our systems) to execute written agreements in which they assign to us their rights in potential inventions and other intellectual property created within the scope of their employment (or, with respect to consultants and service providers, their engagement to develop such intellectual property), but we cannot assure you that we have adequately protected our rights in every such agreement or that we have executed an agreement with every such party. Finally, in order to benefit from the protection of patents and other intellectual property rights, we must monitor and detect infringement and pursue infringement claims in certain circumstances in relevant jurisdictions, all of which are costly and time-consuming. As a result, we may not be able to obtain adequate protection or to effectively enforce our issued patents or other intellectual property rights.

In addition to patents, we rely on trade secret rights, copyrights, trademarks, and other rights to protect our proprietary intellectual property and technology. Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary intellectual property and technology, unauthorized parties, including our employees, consultants, service providers or customers, may attempt to copy aspects of our solutions or obtain and use our trade secrets or other confidential information. We generally enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants, service providers, vendors, channel partners and customers, and generally limit access to and distribution of our proprietary information and proprietary technology through certain procedural safeguards. These agreements may not effectively prevent unauthorized use or disclosure of our intellectual property or technology and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of our intellectual property or technology. We cannot assure that the steps taken by us will prevent misappropriation of our intellectual property or technology or infringement of our intellectual property rights. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries where we sell or distribute our solutions do not protect intellectual property rights and technology to the same extent as the laws of the United States, and these countries may not enforce these laws as diligently as government agencies and private parties in the United States. Based on the 2024 report on intellectual property rights protection and enforcement published by the Office of the United States Trade Representative, such countries included Argentina, Chile, China, India, Indonesia, Russia, and Venezuela (designated as priority watch list countries).

If we are unable to protect our trademarks from infringement, our business prospects may be harmed.

We own trademarks that identify “Kornit”, “Kornit Digital”, “NeoPigment”, the “K” logo and “Konnect” logo, and we have an additional trademark registration for the “Custom Gateway” logo, among others, and have registered these trademarks in certain key markets. We further own trademark registrations and applications for VOXEL8, VOXEL8 logo, ACTIVEIMAGE, ACTIVELAB and ACTIVEMIX in certain key markets. Although we take steps to monitor the possible infringement or misuse of our trademarks, third parties may violate our trademark rights. Any unauthorized use of our trademarks could harm our reputation or commercial interests. Efforts to enforce our trademarks may be expensive and time-consuming and may not effectively prevent infringement. 

We may not register our trademark rights in all the markets in which we sell our products, and our application to register our trademarks in various jurisdictions may be opposed by third parties (as has occurred in the past), which could require investment of additional time and resources on our part in order to secure registration of those rights. If we do not succeed, our trademarks will be exposed to infringement in a particular jurisdiction, which could have various adverse effects on our operations in that jurisdiction.

We may become subject to claims of intellectual property infringement by third parties or claims by third parties that our intellectual party rights are invalid and may be required to indemnify our distributors or other third parties against such claims, which, regardless of their merit, could result in litigation, distract our management and materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We have in the past and may in the future become subject to third-party claims that assert that our solutions, services and intellectual property infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate third-party intellectual property or other proprietary rights. We, in turn, will seek to assert the validity of our intellectual property rights by any legal means that we deem necessary or appropriate in response to any actual or perceived threats.

Intellectual property disputes can be costly and disruptive to our business operations by diverting the attention and energies of management and key technical personnel, and by increasing our costs of doing business. Even if a claim is not directly against us, our agreements with distributors generally require us to indemnify them against losses from claims that our products infringe third-party intellectual property rights and entitle us to assume the defense of any claim as part of the indemnification undertaking. Our assumption of the defense of such a claim may result in similar costs, disruption and diversion of management attention to that of a claim that is asserted directly against us. We may not prevail in any such dispute or litigation, and an adverse decision in any legal action involving intellectual property rights could harm our intellectual property rights and the value of any related technology or limit our ability to execute our business.

Adverse outcomes in intellectual property disputes could:

We may become subject to claims for remuneration or royalties for assigned service invention rights by our employees, which could result in litigation and adversely affect our business.

A significant portion of our intellectual property has been developed by our employees in the course of their employment for us. Under the Israeli Patent Law, 5727-1967, or the Patent Law, inventions conceived by an employee in the course and as a result of or arising from his or her employment with a company are regarded as “service inventions,” which belong to the employer, absent a specific agreement between the employee and employer giving the employee proprietary rights. The Patent Law also provides under Section 134 that if there is no agreement between an employer and an employee as to whether the employee

is entitled to consideration for service inventions, and to what extent and under which conditions, the Israeli Compensation and Royalties Committee, or the Committee, a body constituted under the Patent Law, shall determine these issues. Section 135 of the Patent Law provides criteria for assisting the Committee in making its decisions. According to case law handed down by the Committee, an employee’s right to receive consideration for service inventions is a personal right and is entirely separate from the proprietary rights in such invention. Therefore, this right must be explicitly waived by the employee. A decision handed down in May 2014 by the Committee clarifies that the right to receive consideration under Section 134 can be waived and that such waiver can be made orally, in writing or by behavior like any other contract. The Committee will examine on a case-by-case basis, the general contractual framework between the parties, using interpretation rules of the general Israeli contract laws. Further, the Committee has not yet determined one specific formula for calculating this remuneration, nor the criteria or circumstances under which an employee’s waiver of his right to remuneration will be disregarded. Similarly, it remains unclear whether waivers by employees in their employment agreements of the alleged right to receive consideration for service inventions would be declared as void being a depriving provision in a standard contract. We generally enter into assignment-of-invention agreements with our employees pursuant to which such individuals assign to us all rights to any inventions created in the scope of their employment or engagement with us. Although our employees have agreed to assign to us service invention rights and have specifically waived their right to receive any special remuneration for such service inventions beyond their regular salary and benefits, we may face claims demanding remuneration in consideration for assigned inventions.

Risks Related to Our Ordinary Shares

Our share price may be volatile.

The market price of our ordinary shares has been volatile in recent years. It may continue to fluctuate substantially as a result of many factors, including:

In addition, in recent years, the stock markets have sometimes experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. Broad market and industry factors may materially harm the market price of our ordinary shares, regardless of our operating performance. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against that company. We, too, along with certain of our current and former executives, and, in one case, our directors, the underwriters for our November 2021 follow-on public offering and Amazon, have been made subject to such securities class action litigation, which alleges that we made misrepresentations and omissions in our public statements and disclosures in violation of the Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder. If these actions or any similar litigation against us are not dismissed or settled at their early stages, we could incur substantial costs and our management’s attention and resources could be diverted.

We have never paid cash dividends on our share capital, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our share capital, nor do we anticipate paying any cash dividends on our share capital in the foreseeable future. We currently intend (subject to any extraordinary market conditions that might arise) to retain all available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of our ordinary shares should be investors’ principal expected source of gain for the foreseeable future. To the extent that volatile or depressed market conditions reduce the trading price of our ordinary shares substantially for an extended period of time, we have in the past used and may continue in the future using a portion of our cash reserves for share repurchases. In addition to considerations related to corporate finance, Israeli law limits our ability to declare and pay dividends and may subject our dividends to Israeli withholding taxes.

There are risks associated with our share repurchase programs.

Our board of directors approved our new share repurchase program in September 2024, under which we can repurchase up to $100 million of our outstanding ordinary shares. Under the new program, purchases can be made by way of a variety of methods, including open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, all in accordance with U.S. securities laws and regulations, including Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act. We have affected share repurchases under the new share repurchase program by way of an accelerated share repurchase agreement with Goldman Sachs International, under which we repurchased $75 million of the $100 million authorized under the new program through the assistance of Goldman Sachs, in large repurchases that occurred in November 2024, December 2024 and February 2025— totaling 2,467,206 ordinary shares, in the aggregate. Our share repurchase program may reduce the public float of shares available for trading on a daily basis and may cause volatility in the price of our ordinary shares. Our repurchases may be limited, suspended, or terminated at any time without prior notice. There can be no assurance that we will repurchase any specific amount of ordinary shares under our share repurchase program or that any future repurchases will have a positive impact on our share price or profitability. Important factors that could cause us to discontinue or decrease our share repurchases include, among others, unfavorable market conditions, the market price of our ordinary shares, the nature of other investment or strategic opportunities presented to us, the rate of dilution of our equity compensation programs, our ability to make appropriate, timely, and beneficial decisions as to when, how, and whether to purchase shares under the share repurchase program, the tax consequences of any repurchases (including the potential impact of the 1% excise tax on certain share repurchases), and the availability of funds necessary to continue purchasing shares. If we curtail or suspend our share repurchase program, our share price may be negatively affected.

As a foreign private issuer whose shares are listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, we may follow certain home country corporate governance practices instead of otherwise applicable SEC and Nasdaq requirements, which may result in less protection than is accorded to investors under rules applicable to domestic U.S. issuers.

As a foreign private issuer whose shares are listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, we are permitted to follow certain home country corporate governance practices instead of those otherwise required under the corporate governance standards for U.S. domestic issuers. We currently follow Israeli home country practices with regard to (i) the quorum requirement for shareholder meetings (25%, which is less than the one-third minimum required under the Nasdaq rules), (ii) the independent director oversight requirement for director nominations (the board as a whole, rather than an entirely independent nominating committee or only the independent directors, handles this under Israeli law), and (iii) shareholder approval for the issuance of ordinary shares or other securities to officers, directors, employees or consultants under an equity compensation plan or arrangement, or for the adoption of, or a material amendment to, such a plan or arrangement (Israeli law only requires shareholder approval generally for a grant under a plan or arrangement for directors or the chief executive officer). See “ITEM 16G. Corporate Governance.” Furthermore, we may in the future elect to follow Israeli home country practices in lieu of the Nasdaq requirements on other matters, such as the requirement to hold separate executive sessions of independent directors or to obtain shareholder approval for certain dilutive events (such as for issuances that will result in a change of control of the company, certain transactions other than a public offering involving issuances of a 20% or more interest in the company and certain acquisitions of the stock or assets of another company). Accordingly, our shareholders may not be afforded the same protection as provided under Nasdaq corporate governance rules. Following our home country governance practices as opposed to the requirements that would otherwise apply to a United States company listed on Nasdaq may provide less protection than is accorded to investors of domestic issuers. See “ITEM 16G. Corporate Governance.”

As a foreign private issuer, we are not subject to the U.S. proxy rules and are exempt from filing certain Exchange Act reports.

As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from a number of requirements under U.S. securities laws that apply to public companies that are not foreign private issuers. In particular, we are exempt from the rules and regulations under the Exchange Act related to the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we are not required under the Exchange Act to file annual and current reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. domestic companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act and we are generally exempt from filing quarterly reports with the SEC under the Exchange Act. These exemptions and leniencies will reduce the frequency and scope of information and protections to which you are entitled as an investor.

We would lose our foreign private issuer status if a majority of our directors or executive officers are U.S. citizens or residents, and we fail to meet additional requirements necessary to avoid loss of foreign private issuer status. Although we have elected to comply with certain U.S. regulatory provisions, our loss of foreign private issuer status would make such provisions mandatory. The regulatory and compliance costs to us under U.S. securities laws as a U.S. domestic issuer may be significantly higher. If we are not a foreign private issuer, we will be required to file periodic reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms with the SEC, which are more detailed and extensive than the forms available to a foreign private issuer. We would also be required to follow U.S. proxy disclosure requirements, including the requirement to disclose more detailed information about the compensation of our senior executive officers on an individual basis. We may also be required to modify certain of our policies to comply with governance practices associated with U.S. domestic issuers. In addition, we would lose our ability to rely upon exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements on U.S. stock exchanges that are available to foreign private issuers. Such additional required compliance would involve additional costs.

The market price of our ordinary shares could be negatively affected by future sales of our ordinary shares.

Future sales by us or our shareholders of a substantial number of ordinary shares in the public market, or the perception that these sales might occur, could cause the market price of our ordinary shares to decline or could impair our ability to raise capital through a future sale of, or to pay for acquisitions using, our equity securities.

Amazon is entitled to certain registration rights with respect to the 3,401,028 ordinary shares underlying new warrants that we issued to its affiliate on September 14, 2020, pursuant to a transaction agreement that we entered into with Amazon on that day. All shares sold pursuant to an offering covered by a registration statement will be freely transferable except if purchased by an affiliate. See “ITEM 10.C- Material Contracts- Agreements with Amazon- Transaction Agreement and Warrant” in this annual report.

In addition, 2,580,694 ordinary shares are issuable under currently vested and exercisable share options and unvested restricted share units, or RSUs, in the aggregate, granted to employees and office holders as of December 31, 2024. We have filed registration statements on Form S-8 under the Securities Act registering our potential issuance of those ordinary shares under our share incentive plans, of which, as of December 31, 2024, there were options and RSUs to purchase an aggregate of 4,696,089 shares outstanding. Shares included in such registration statements may be freely sold in the public market upon issuance, except for shares held by affiliates who have certain restrictions on their ability to sell.

As a public company, we are required to devote substantial time towards maintaining the effectiveness of our internal controls and to other compliance initiatives and corporate governance practices.

We incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses as a public company. Applicable U.S. securities laws and regulations and the listing requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market impose various requirements on public companies, including the establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and corporate governance practices. Our management and other personnel continue to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives.

In particular, we are required to comply with the SEC’s rules implementing Sections 302 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which require management to certify financial and other information in our annual reports and provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of control over financial reporting. Additionally, as we are no longer an emerging growth company and qualify as a large accelerated filer, we must include an attestation report on internal control over financial reporting issued by our independent registered public accounting firm.

To maintain the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and our internal control over financial reporting, we expect that we will need to continue enhancing existing, and implement new, financial reporting and management systems, procedures and controls to manage our business effectively and support our growth in the future. The process of evaluating our internal control over financial reporting requires an investment of substantial time and resources, including by our Chief Financial Officer and other members of our senior management. As a result, this process may divert internal resources and take a significant amount of time and effort to complete. Additionally, as part of management assessments of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting required by Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, our management may conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective due to our failure to cure any identified material weakness or otherwise, which would require us to employ remedial actions to implement effective controls. If we identify material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, if we are unable to comply with the requirements of Section 404(a) or 404(b) in a timely manner or to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm is unable to express an opinion or issues an adverse opinion in its attestation as to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting required by Section 404(b), investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports and the trading price of our ordinary shares could be negatively affected. We could also become subject to investigations by the stock exchange on which our securities are listed, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which could require additional financial and management resources.

Irrespective of compliance with Sections 404(a) and 404(b), any failure of our internal controls could have a material adverse effect on our stated results of operations and harm our reputation. In order to implement changes to our internal control over financial reporting triggered by a failure of those controls, we could experience higher than anticipated operating expenses, as well as higher independent auditor fees during and after the implementation of these changes.

Our U.S. shareholders may suffer adverse tax consequences if we are classified as a passive foreign investment company.

Generally, if for any taxable year 75% or more of our gross income is passive income, or at least 50% of the average quarterly value of our assets (which may be determined in part by the market value of our ordinary shares, which is subject to change) are held for the production of, or produce, passive income, we would be characterized as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Based on historic and certain estimates of our gross income, gross assets and market capitalization (which may fluctuate from time to time) and the nature of our business, we believe we were not a PFIC for the taxable year ended December 31, 2024. Because PFIC status is based on our income, assets and activities for the entire taxable year, it is not possible to determine whether we will be characterized as a PFIC for our 2025 taxable year until after the close of the year. Furthermore, because the value of our gross assets is likely to be determined in part by reference to our market capitalization, a decline in the value of our ordinary shares may result in our becoming a PFIC. There can be no assurance that we will not be considered a PFIC for any taxable year. If we are characterized as a PFIC, our U.S. shareholders may suffer adverse tax consequences, including having gains realized on the sale of our ordinary shares treated as ordinary income, rather than as capital gain, the loss of the preferential rate applicable to dividends received on our ordinary shares by individuals who are U.S. Holders (as defined in “ITEM 10.E Taxation and Government Programs-U.S. Federal Income Taxation”), and having interest charges apply to distributions by us and the proceeds of sales of our ordinary shares. Certain elections exist that may alleviate some of the adverse consequences of PFIC status and would result in an alternative treatment (such as mark-to-market treatment) of our ordinary shares. For a more detailed discussion, see “ITEM 10.E Taxation and Government Programs - U.S. Federal Income Taxation - Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations.”

Certain U.S. holders of our ordinary shares may suffer adverse tax consequences if we or any of our non-U.S. subsidiaries are characterized as a “controlled foreign corporation”, or a CFC, under Section 957(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code.

A non-U.S. corporation is considered a CFC if more than 50 percent of (1) the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of such corporation entitled to vote, or (2) the total value of the stock of such corporation; is owned, or is considered as owned by applying certain constructive ownership rules, by United States shareholders who own stock representing 10% or more of the vote or 10% or more of the value on any day during the taxable year of such non-U.S. corporation (“10% U.S. Shareholders”). Generally, a 10% U.S. Shareholder of a CFC is required to include currently in gross income such 10% U.S. Shareholder’s share of the CFC’s “Subpart F income”, a portion of the CFC’s earnings to the extent the CFC holds certain U.S. property, and certain other items under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, or the Tax Act. Such 10% U.S. Shareholders are subject to current U.S. federal income tax with respect to such items, even if the CFC has not made an actual distribution to such shareholders. “Subpart F income” includes, among other things, certain passive income (such as income from dividends, interests, royalties, rents and annuities or gain from the sale of property that produces such types of income) and certain sales and services income arising in connection with transactions between the CFC and a person related to the CFC.

Certain changes to the CFC constructive ownership rules introduced by the Tax Act may cause one or more of our non-U.S. subsidiaries to be treated as CFCs, may also impact our CFC status and, thus, may affect holders of our common shares that are United States shareholders. For 10% U.S. Shareholders, this may result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences, such as current U.S. taxation of Subpart F income and of any such shareholder’s share of our accumulated non-U.S. earnings and profits (regardless of whether we make any distributions), taxation of amounts treated as global intangible low-taxed income under Section 951A of the Code with respect to such shareholder, and being subject to certain reporting requirements with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service. Any 10% U.S. Shareholder should consult its own tax advisors regarding the U.S. tax consequences of acquiring, owning, or disposing our common shares and the impact of the Tax Act, especially the changes to the rules relating to CFCs.

If equity research analysts do not publish research or reports about our business or if analysts, including short sellers, issue unfavorable commentary or downgrade our ordinary shares, the price of our ordinary shares could decline. Additionally, we may fail to meet publicly announced financial guidance or other expectations about our business, which would cause our ordinary shares to decline in value.

The trading market for our ordinary shares relies in part on the research and reports that equity research analysts publish about us, our business and our markets. The price of our ordinary shares could decline if one or more securities analysts downgrade our ordinary shares or if one or more of those analysts issue other unfavorable commentary or cease publishing reports about us or our business. The market price for our ordinary shares has been in the past, and may be in the future, materially and adversely affected by allegations made in reports issued by short sellers regarding our business model, our management and our financial accounting. If our financial results for a particular period do not meet our guidance or if we reduce our guidance for future periods, the market price of our ordinary shares may decline.

Risks Related to Our Operations in Israel

Our headquarters, manufacturing and other significant operations are located in Israel and, therefore, our results may be adversely affected by political, economic and military instability in Israel.

Our headquarters, research and development and manufacturing facility, and the primary manufacturing facilities of our third-party manufacturers, are located in Israel. In addition, the majority of our key employees, officers and directors are residents of Israel.

Israel has been engaged in a war with Hamas, a terrorist organization based in the Gaza Strip on Israel’s southern border, and until recently, was similarly engaged in a military conflict with Hezbollah, a terrorist organization based in Lebanon on Israel’s northern border, in each case since October 7, 2023. Each such terrorist group has been sponsored by Iran. Iran itself, and other Iranian-sponsored terrorist organizations in the Middle East, including the Houthi terrorist militia in Yemen, have also launched aerial strikes against Israel, and Israel has responded with counter-attacks. The future intensity and duration of the war and additional hostilities are difficult to predict, as are the related economic implications on our business and operations and on Israel’s economy in general.

The duration of the war thus far has led to a downgrade in Israel’s credit rating by rating agencies such as the downgrade by Moody’s of Israel’s credit rating from A1 to Baa1, as well as the downgrade of its outlook rating from “stable” to “negative,” while S&P Global lowered Israel’s long-term credit rating from A+ to A and downgraded its short-term credit rating from A-1+ to A-1, with a “negative” outlook on the long-term rating.

As of the date of this annual report, none of our facilities or infrastructure have been damaged nor have our supply chains been significantly impacted since the war broke out. However, an even further prolonged or intensified war could result in further military reserve duty call-ups as well as irregularities to our supply chain and our ability to ship products from Israel, which could disrupt our operations.

Our commercial insurance does not cover losses that may occur as a result of an event associated with the security situation in the Middle East, as well as acts of terror. Although the Israeli government is currently committed to covering the reinstatement value of direct damages that are caused by terrorist attacks or acts of war, we cannot assure you that this government coverage will be maintained, or if maintained, will be sufficient to compensate us fully for damages incurred. Any losses or damage incurred by us could have a material adverse effect on our business. While we have commenced implementation of a business continuity plan which provides for alternative sites outside of Israel, there can be no assurance that such plan will be successful. Any armed conflict involving Israel could adversely affect our operations and results of operations.

Several countries, principally in the Middle East, restrict doing business with Israel and Israeli companies. While some of these countries are eliminating these constraints, additional countries may impose restrictions on doing business with Israel and Israeli companies if hostilities in Israel or political instability in the region continues or increases. Although the recent Abraham Accords have enhanced Israel’s relations with certain countries in the Middle East (i.e., the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Morocco and Sudan), an ongoing state of hostility vis-à-vis other countries, varying in degree and intensity, has caused security and economic challenges for Israel. In addition, there have been increased efforts by activists to cause companies and consumers to boycott Israeli goods based on Israeli government policies. Such actions, particularly if they become more widespread, may adversely impact our ability to sell and service our solutions.

The shipping and delivery of our systems and ink and other consumables from our manufacturing facilities and those of our third-party manufacturers in Israel could also be delayed or interrupted by political, economic, military, and other events outside of our reasonable control, including labor strikes at ports in Israel or at ports of destination, military attacks on transportation facilities or vessels, and severe weather events. In addition to attacking Israel, the Houthi terrorist militia in Yemen has also been attacking ships in the Red Sea as part of the current hostilities in an effort to deter ships from reaching the southern Israeli port of Eilat. We have implemented business contingency plans to mitigate the risk that we may be prevented from delivering or providing our systems, consumables and services from our Israeli facilities to various global regions in which our customers are located, by increasing inventory levels for our systems and consumables in those localized regions. Nevertheless, even those increased inventory levels could turn out to be insufficient to meet our customer needs should our Israeli capabilities be damaged or shut down due to the ongoing military conflicts involving Israel. If delivery and installation of our products is delayed or prevented by any such events, our revenues could be materially and adversely impacted.

The tax benefits that are available to us under Israeli law require us to meet various conditions and may be terminated or reduced in the future, which could increase our costs and taxes.

We are eligible for certain tax benefits provided to “Benefited Enterprises” under the Israeli Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, or the Investments Law, until 2018. Beginning in January 2019, and with respect to our taxable results from 2019 onwards, we and our Israeli subsidiary are furthermore eligible to apply the terms of the Investments Law as they relate to a “Preferred Enterprise,” or PE, and/or a “Preferred Technological Enterprise,” or PTE. In order to remain eligible for the tax benefits for Benefited Enterprises for our Israeli subsidiary’s taxable results until 2018, and for its taxable results from 2019 onwards with respect to a PE or PTE, we must continue to meet certain conditions stipulated in the Investments Law and its regulations, as amended. If these tax benefits are reduced, cancelled, or discontinued, our Israeli taxable income would be subject to regular Israeli corporate tax rates and we may be required to refund any tax benefits that we have already received, plus interest and penalties thereon. The statutory corporate tax rate for Israeli companies is 23% from January 1, 2018, and onward. Additionally, if we increase our activities outside of Israel through acquisitions or otherwise through our Israeli subsidiary, our existing or expanded activities might not be eligible for inclusion in existing or future Israeli tax benefit programs. The Israeli government may furthermore independently determine to reduce, phase out, or eliminate entirely the benefit programs under the Investments Law, regardless of whether we then qualify for benefits under those programs at the time, which would also adversely affect our global tax rate and our results of operations. See “ITEM 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects- Taxation and Israeli Government Programs Applicable to our Company - Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 5719-1959.”

We have received and may receive further Israeli government grants for certain research and development activities. The terms of those grants restrict our ability to transfer manufacturing operations or technology outside of Israel.

Our research and development efforts have been financed in part through grants from the Israeli National Authority for Technological Innovation, or the Innovation Authority (previously known as the Israeli Office of the Chief Scientist). Prior to 2015, we received various grants from the Innovation Authority, all of which we repaid. In 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024, we received new commitments from the Innovation Authority for non-royalty bearing grants to reimburse us for up to 55% of our research and development expenses in connection with certain projects, in amounts of NIS 2 million, NIS 3.6 million, NIS 2.6 million, and NIS 1.2 million, respectively (approximately $0.7 million, $1 million, $0.7 million, and $0.3 million), in the aggregate. To date, we have received from the Innovation Authority NIS 4 million (approximately $1.1 million) of this new committed amount. We must comply with the requirements of the Encouragement of Research, Development and Technological Innovation in the Industry Law, 5744-1984 (formerly known as the Law for the Encouragement of Research and Development in Industry 5744-1984), and related regulations, collectively referred to as the Innovation Law, in connection with that new funding and any past funding that we had received from the Innovation Authority.

When a company develops know-how, technology or products and related services using grants provided by the Innovation Authority, the terms of those grants and the Innovation Law, among others, restrict the transfer outside of Israel of (i) such Innovation Authority-supported know-how (including by a way of license for research and development purposes), (ii) manufacturing or manufacturing rights of such products, and (iii) such technologies, without the prior approval of the Innovation Authority. We may not receive those approvals.

The restrictions set forth under the Innovation Law, to which we are subject (even after repaying grants we have received) include:

These restrictions and requirements for payment may impair our ability to sell our technology assets outside of Israel or to outsource or transfer manufacturing activities with respect to any product or technology outside of Israel; however, they do not restrict the export of our products that incorporate know-how funded by the Innovation Authority. Furthermore, the consideration available to our shareholders in a sale transaction involving the actual transfer outside of Israel of technology or know-how developed with funding by the Innovation Authority pursuant to a merger or similar transaction may be reduced by any amounts that we are required to pay to the Innovation Authority. Failure to comply with the requirements under the Innovation Law may subject us to mandatory repayment of grants received by us, together with interest and penalties, as well as expose us to criminal proceedings.

Provisions of Israeli law and our articles may delay, prevent or otherwise impede a merger with, or an acquisition of, our company, even when the terms of such a transaction are favorable to us and our shareholders.

Israeli corporate law regulates mergers, requires tender offers for acquisitions of shares above specified thresholds, requires special approvals for transactions involving directors, officers or significant shareholders and regulates other matters that may be relevant to such types of transactions. For example, a tender offer for all of a company’s issued and outstanding shares can only be completed if the acquirer receives positive responses from the holders of at least 95% of the issued share capital, otherwise, the acquirer may not own more than 90% of a company’s issued and outstanding share capital. Completion of the tender offer also requires approval of a majority in number of the offerees that do not have a personal interest in the tender offer, unless at least 98% of the company’s outstanding shares are tendered. Furthermore, the shareholders, including those who indicated their acceptance of the tender offer (unless the acquirer stipulated in its tender offer that a shareholder that accepts the offer may not seek appraisal rights), may, at any time within six months following the completion of the tender offer, petition an Israeli court to alter the consideration for the acquisition. See “Articles of Association - Acquisitions under Israeli Law” in Exhibit 2.2 to this annual report.

Our articles provide that our directors (other than external directors, to the extent there are any serving at the time) are elected on a staggered basis, such that a potential acquirer cannot readily replace our entire board of directors at a single annual general shareholder meeting.

Furthermore, Israeli tax considerations may make potential transactions unappealing to us or to our shareholders whose country of residence does not have a tax treaty with Israel exempting such shareholders from Israeli tax. For example, Israeli tax law does not recognize tax-free share exchanges to the same extent as U.S. tax law. With respect to mergers involving an exchange of shares, Israeli tax law allows for tax deferral in certain circumstances but makes the deferral contingent on the fulfillment of a number of conditions, including, in some cases, a holding period of two years from the date of the transaction during which sales and dispositions of shares of the participating companies are subject to certain restrictions. Moreover, with respect to certain share swap transactions in which the sellers receive shares in the acquiring entity that are publicly traded on a stock exchange, the tax deferral is limited in time, and when such time expires, the tax becomes payable even if no disposition of such shares has occurred. In order to benefit from the tax deferral, a pre-ruling from the Israel Tax Authority, or the ITA, might be required.

It may be difficult to enforce a judgment of a U.S. court against us or our officers and directors, to assert U.S. securities laws claims in Israel or to serve process on our officers and directors.

We are incorporated in Israel. The majority of our directors and executive officers reside outside of the United States, and most of our assets and most of the assets of these persons are located outside of the United States. Therefore, a judgment obtained against us, or any of these persons, including a judgment based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws, may not be collectible in the United States and may not be enforced by an Israeli court. It also may be difficult for you to effect service of process on these persons in the United States or to assert U.S. securities law claims in original actions instituted in Israel. Israeli courts may refuse to hear a claim based on an alleged violation of U.S. securities laws reasoning that Israel is not the most appropriate forum in which to bring such a claim. In addition, even if an Israeli court agrees to hear a claim, it may determine that Israeli law and not U.S. law is applicable to the claim. If U.S. law is found to be applicable, the content of applicable U.S. law must be proven as a fact by expert witnesses, which can be a time consuming and costly process. Certain matters of procedure will also be governed by Israeli law. There is little binding case law in Israel that addresses the matters described above. As a result of the difficulty associated with enforcing a judgment against us in Israel, you may not be able to collect any damages awarded by either a U.S. or foreign court. It may be difficult to enforce a judgment of a U.S. court against us, our officers and directors or the Israeli experts named in this prospectus supplement in Israel or the United States, to assert U.S. securities laws claims in Israel or to serve process on our officers and directors and these experts.

Your rights and responsibilities as a shareholder are governed by Israeli law, which differs in some material respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders of U.S. companies.

The rights and responsibilities of the holders of our ordinary shares are governed by our articles and by Israeli law. These rights and responsibilities differ in some material respects from the rights and responsibilities of shareholders in U.S.-based corporations. In particular, a shareholder of an Israeli company has a duty to act in good faith and in a customary manner in exercising its rights and performing its obligations towards the company and other shareholders, and to refrain from abusing its power in the company, including, among other things, in voting at a general meeting of shareholders on matters such as amendments to a company’s articles of association, increases in a company’s authorized share capital, mergers and acquisitions and related party transactions requiring shareholder approval. In addition, a shareholder who is aware that it possesses the power to determine the outcome of a shareholder vote or to appoint or prevent the appointment of a director or executive officer in the company has a duty of fairness toward the company. There is limited case law available to assist us in understanding the nature of this duty or the implications of these provisions. These provisions may be interpreted to impose additional obligations and liabilities on holders of our ordinary shares that are not typically imposed on shareholders of U.S. corporations.

ITEM 4. Information on the Company.

A. History and Development of the Company

Our History

Our legal name is Kornit Digital Ltd., and we were incorporated under the laws of the State of Israel on January 16, 2002. We shipped our first system in 2005. In April 2015, we completed our initial public offering, or IPO. Our ordinary shares began trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, under the symbol “KRNT,” on April 2, 2015.

We are subject to the Israeli Companies Law, 5759-1999. Our principal executive offices are located at 12 Ha’Amal Street, Rosh Ha’Ayin 4809246, Israel, and our telephone number is +972-3-908-5800. Our website address is www.kornit.com (the information contained therein or linked thereto shall not be considered incorporated by reference in this annual report).

Our agent for service of process in the United States is Kornit Digital North America Inc., located at 480 South Dean Street Englewood, NJ 07631, and its telephone number is (262) 518-0200.

As a company whose ordinary shares are registered under the Exchange Act, we report publicly to the SEC. The SEC maintains an Internet site (http:// www.sec.gov) that contains reports and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.

Principal Capital Expenditures

Capital expenditures in the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024 were approximately $18.0 million, $7.0 million, and $15.1 million, respectively, and were principally used for the purchase of property, plant and equipment and, in 2024, for the production of equipment for lease. The aggregate amount for 2021 and 2022 included approximately $2.5 million paid for the land for our new 6,637 square meter ink manufacturing and storage facility in Kiryat Gat, Israel, which we opened on January 26, 2022. The total cost for land, construction of the facility, design and installation of the production line, was approximately NIS 69 million (approximately $22 million). We used cash on hand to finance the construction of that facility.

 On April 5, 2022, we completed the acquisition of Lichtenau, Germany-based Tesoma GmbH, or Tesoma. Tesoma is globally recognized for the high-quality engineering and performance of its cutting-edge textile curing solutions. The total cash consideration for this acquisition was 15.4 million Euros. In February 2025, after having integrated Tesoma’s customer service, and research and development, teams into our overall business operations, we commenced the transition of Tesoma’s production activities to our third-party manufacturer. Consequently, production activities at Tesoma’s German facility were discontinued as of March 15, 2025.

We did not make any capital expenditures for the acquisition of interests in other companies in 2023 or 2024, nor have we done so thus far in 2025.

B. Business Overview

We are a leading global developer and provider of innovative digital solutions for the printed textile industry. We aim to transform the industry by shifting demand generators and fulfillers from outdated and stagnant analog processes to innovative digital processes. Our solutions are designed to enable our customers to remain relevant, reduce waste, and adapt to shifting supply chain dynamics.  

We focus on the rapidly growing high throughput DTG (direct to garment) and Direct to Fabric segments of the printed textile industry. Our solutions include our proprietary digital printing systems, ink, and other consumables, associated software and value-added services. These solutions allow for printing large scale, short to medium runs, of complex images and designs directly on finished garments and fabrics. Our customers include fulfillers and demand generators, such as brands, licensors, and content creators, primarily within the fashion, apparel and home décor segments of the industry.

We have developed and are offering a broad portfolio of differentiated digital printing solutions for the DTG market that provide answers to challenges faced by participants in the global printed textile industry. Our DTG solutions utilize our patented wet-on-wet printing methodology, which eliminates the common practice of separately coating and drying textiles prior to printing. This methodology also enables printing on a wide range of untreated fabrics, including cotton, wool, polyester, blends, lycra, and denim. Our patented NeoPigment ink and other consumables have been specially formulated to be compatible with our systems and overcome the quality-related challenges that pigment-based inks have traditionally faced when used in digital printing. Our software solutions simplify workflows in the printing process, by offering a complete solution from web order intake through graphic job preparation and execution.

Building on the expertise and capabilities that we have accumulated in developing and offering differentiated solutions for the industrial DTG market, we also offer an industrial digital printing solution, the Presto MAX, which targets the on-demand Direct-to-Fabric market. While the DTG market generally involves printing on finished garments, the Direct-to-Fabric market is focused on printing on fabrics that are subsequently converted into finished garments, home décor and other items. The Presto MAX, like our predecessor Direct-to-Fabric products, the Presto and Allegro, utilizes our proprietary wet-on-wet printing methodology and houses an integrated drying and curing system. It offers a single-step, eco-friendly, stand-alone industrial Direct-to-Fabric digital textile printing solution.

Consumers today have grown accustomed to shopping online with a vast selection of products advertising rapid shipping times; however, fulfillers and demand generators have historically relied on antiquated, pollutive, and labor-intensive production methods. With the rise of social media, consumers also increasingly expect that both their online and in-store shopping experiences will reflect the latest apparel trends, which are evolving more rapidly than ever before. To meet these consumer demands, many fulfillers and demand generators have faced rising inventories, higher variable costs, more unsold finished goods, and lower pricing. 

When compared with analog methods of production, our solutions significantly reduce production lead times and enable our customers to produce smaller quantities of individually printed designs more effectively, sustainably, and cost-efficiently. Our solutions are also differentiated from other digital methods of production because they eliminate the need to pre-treat fabrics prior to printing, thereby offering our customers the ability to digitally print high quality images and designs on a variety of fabrics in a streamlined and environmentally friendly manner.  

We have an attractive business model, with our growing installed base of systems driving recurring sales of ink and other consumables. Our ink and other consumables are specially formulated to enable our systems to operate at the highest throughput level while adhering to high print quality requirements.  

We intend to capitalize on the continued growth of the DTG market by expanding our diverse global customer base, focusing particularly on fast-growing web-to-print businesses. We similarly strive to capture a greater share of the growing market for Direct-to-Fabric, which has emerged as a transformative technology within the apparel industry. Besides reaching new customers, we also seek to increase our sales to existing customers, particularly sales of our ink and other consumables. At the same time, we are pursuing new high-volume customers, including new customers in the screen replacement market, which should help drive an increase in the sale of ink and other consumables. We also expect to extend our serviceable addressable market by introducing new features and functionality that enhance the capabilities of our systems and inks and enable our systems to print on new types of media. We plan to accomplish these goals by investing in our direct sales force, developing new applications for our systems, introducing new solutions, and growing our relationships with channel partners. We constantly explore the possibility of adding new business models and concepts designed to grow our business and cater to our customers’ needs.

Our go-to-market strategy consists of a hybrid model of indirect and direct sales, with a trend towards adopting a direct sales model in certain key markets. We have historically generated a significant portion of our sales through a global network of independent agents, distributors and value-added resellers that we refer to as our channel partners. Our channel partners, in turn, sell the solutions they purchase from us to customers for whom we provide installation services, or sell and install our solutions on their own. Our channel partners work closely with our sales force and assist us by identifying potential sales targets, closing new business, and maintaining relationships with, and, in certain jurisdictions, providing support directly to our customers. 

Maintenance and support for our systems is performed either by our own service organization or by service engineers employed by our distributors. This varies among the four regions we serve, depending on the infrastructure we have established in each region. We provide professional services directly to some of our customers in all regions. Our customers can renew maintenance and support contracts for additional periods by purchasing a maintenance and support package that covers remote support, software upgrades and onsite yearly maintenance or they can choose to rely on our support on a non-contractual time and material basis

The General Textile Industry 

Textile is a flexible material formed using various processes, including weaving, knitting, crocheting, or felting. Textile is conventionally used in a broad range of applications including fashion, apparel, footwear and home decor. According to a report published by Statista in October 2024, the value of the global apparel retail market was approximately $1.73 trillion in 2023 and is forecasted to grow to $2.04 trillion in 2029, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.6% between 2025 and 2029. Factors including rising income per capita, favorable demographics and shifting consumer trends are expected to drive long-term demand in the apparel market.

The global printed textile industry involves printing on fabric rolls, finished garments and unsewn pieces of cut fabric at various stages along the value chain in the production of goods for fashion, apparel, and home decoration. According to Future Market Insights (FMI), the global digital textile printing market is set to experience substantial growth over the forecast period, with a projected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.1% from 2024 to 2034. This remarkable growth is expected to drive the market from USD 2,989.6 million in 2024 to a forecasted USD 8,897.3 million by 2034, indicating strong demand for advanced printing technologies in the textile industry.

Industry trends 

E-Commerce

The global e-commerce market has undergone significant growth in the past two decades, expanding in the U.S. from only ~2% of total retail sales in 2003 to 16.2% in late 2024 according to the U.S. census bureau. The shift in retail sales channels has transformed how consumers purchase goods across industries, but many global retail brands have faced pressures as their traditional supply chains were not designed to serve e-commerce markets. Advanced technologies like virtual reality, 3D modeling, and artificial intelligence are being increasingly integrated to enhance online shopping. Concurrently, the creator economy is expanding, with social media and e-commerce platforms enabling creators to monetize their digital content. In 2024, e-commerce apparel sales are projected to reach $457 billion, accounting for 26% of the overall apparel market, and reflecting a 12% increase from 2023.

Social Media

Social media platforms, merging media and network categories, have significantly impacted the retail landscape, influencing communication, consumer trends, and brand perception. As of October 2024, 5.22 billion users (63.8% of the global population) were active on social media, with over 304 million users in the U.S. alone, according to DataReportal and Statista. This widespread use has enabled small and micro brands, often established by individuals or organizations with social influence, to achieve rapid recognition and growth, challenging traditional players to be more agile and responsive. Additionally, the convergence of gaming and social media, with games like Fortnite, Minecraft, and Roblox, highlights the evolution of online games into robust social media networks and interactive marketplaces, offering an alternative to traditional social media platforms.

Sustainability

The need to reduce or contain the ecological footprint of the textile and apparel industry is affecting the entire industrial system. The urgency for change has flowed through from political and environmental activists and scientists, into mainstream government regulators, and business leadership across the globe. A sustainable industrial system requires the formulation of new strategies and thinking, integrated into business and operational frameworks around sustainable manufacturing, supply chain design, sustainability performance measurement and ongoing management. While industrial production is considered part of the problem, it is now also considered as part of the solution. From a practical point of view, companies are focusing their sustainability strategies to include technological improvements that enable cleaner production, pollution prevention, and other sustainable manufacturing practices.

Overview of Textile Printing Processes 

The graphic and accompanying description below present various textile printing processes:

Screen printing is the most commonly used printing process for textiles. The two primary methods of screen printing are rotary screen printing and automated carousel screen printing.

The following chart summarizes the key steps involved in the analog printing process:

Rotary Screen Printing Rotary screen printing is commonly used to print on outerwear, underwear, sportswear, upholstery, and linens. It involves multiple, time-consuming process steps. Rolls of fabric pass through rotating cylinders that are engraved with the image or design to be printed. Each cylinder then applies ink of a different color, which forms part of the image or design. This process is generally used to print a pattern on a fabric roll that is then cut and sewn into finished products. Rotary screen engraving is a costly process that takes between four and five hours per cylinder and is frequently done offsite. Preparation of colors typically takes an additional 30 minutes and the setup of the printer itself typically takes nearly 1.5 hours. The process can require up to seven people. The maximum size of an image or design is limited based on the circumference of the cylinders, which is typically no more than 60 centimeters.

The following diagram depicts the analog rotary screen printing process:

Automated Carousel Screen Printing. Automated carousel screen printing is commonly used to print on finished garments and cut pieces. In automated carousel screen printing, a blade or squeegee squeezes printing paste or ink through mesh stencils onto fabric. The process typically employs a series of printing stations arranged in a carousel. At each station, one color of ink is pressed through specially prepared mesh stencils, or screens, on to the textile surface. Between color stations, there are also flash drying stations and cool-down stations to ensure that deposited ink does not inadvertently mix with the next color to be applied. Preparation of the mesh stencils is a specialized process, and its complexity is a function of the number of discrete color separations and screens that need to be prepared for a given design. The process of color separations, film production, and screen exposure and alignment typically takes approximately 1.5 hours for six colors. Once the screens and color separations are complete, preparation of the carousel typically takes between 40 and 60 minutes. After being manually loaded, the textile moves along the carousel from station to station where each color is applied separately. Unlike rotary screen printing, carousel screen printing does not require fixing the image or design with steam or hot air and, in most cases, does not require washing and drying the textile afterward.

Digital Printing Processes 

Digital textile printing uses specially engineered inkjet heads, rather than screens and cylinders or mesh stencils, to print images and designs directly onto fabrics. As such, the use of digital technology eliminates multiple complicated, costly, and time-consuming steps, such as screen preparation or cylinder engraving, preparation of pastes or inks, and screen or cylinder alignment.

Most fabrics need to be pre-treated before printing by submerging them in a solution that is designed specifically for the type of fabric and ink being used. This coating process is essential for achieving the desired chemical reaction between the ink and the fabric. The fabric is dried following pre-treatment. After the ink drops are applied, the printed fabric undergoes a process of fixation that is also specific to the type of fabric and ink being used. Digital textile printing generally uses either dye-based or pigment-based ink.

The digital textile printing market principally includes two types of printing processes:

Direct-to-Garment (DTG) In DTG printing, an inkjet printer prints directly on the textile. DTG printing allows for printing images and designs onto finished textiles, such as t-shirts that have already been sewn and dyed. The following chart summarizes the key steps involved in the DTG printing process:

Direct-to-Fabric In Direct-to-Fabric printing, rolls of fabric pass in-line through wide-format inkjet printers that are utilized to directly print images and designs onto rolling fabric. The following chart summarizes the key steps involved in the Direct-to-Fabric printing process:

Recent technological developments in digital printing have supported the adoption of digital printing by the global printed textile industry, including by custom decorators, online businesses, brand owners and contract printers. As a result of consumer and macro trends, which were accelerated due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we believe that these businesses offer a significant and rapidly growing market for digital printing solutions.

How Digital Textile Printing Addresses Industry Needs 

The following characteristics of digital textile printing are driving the shift from analog to digital textile printing:

Manufacturing flexibility. Digital textile printing gives manufacturers the ability to print short runs, with personalization capabilities, in a cost-effective manner with a minimum order quantity of one unit. Unlike screen printing, digital printing costs remain the same when printing a single unit or multiple units. This allows printers to execute orders one by one without needing to accumulate large demand for a design before printing. In a post- COVID-19 world, manufacturing flexibility plays an essential role in building brands’ resilience. Companies must rethink their sourcing strategies while implementing cutting-edge supply chain management, and building in greater flexibility, in order to keep products at pace with customer demand.

Design flexibility. Digital textile printing enables a larger variety of artwork to be imprinted, without limitations on number of colors per design and high-resolution imaging.

Integration with advanced workflow environments. Digital textile printing is better suited for the transition of the production floor environment to full digitization, including connectivity to cloud networking elements and productivity analytics software solutions.

Reduced time between design and production. The digital textile printing process allows for samples to be quickly produced, evaluated, and modified, which permits brand owners to increase the frequency and variety of replenishment cycles in response to fashion trends.

Decreased risk of excess inventory. The costly and time-consuming upfront setup required in analog production methods is avoided when using digital printing technologies. By enabling the cost-efficient production of a smaller quantity of garments, digital printing mitigates excess inventory risk and improves profitability. Stocking blank garments or fabric and decorating them only when demand is identified significantly reduces the amount of inventory at risk. This reduces working capital requirements, thereby enabling the emergence of numerous online businesses focused on the sale of printed textiles.

Reduced labor and physical space requirements. Digital textile printing requires significantly less labor to print an equivalent output due to the significant reduction in process steps. The combination of labor savings and a smaller floor footprint, coupled with lower energy consumption and a lack of environmental impact, enables manufacturers to move production closer to consumers in a cost-effective manner. The textile business is very seasonal and the need to retain employees bears a heavy financial burden. The move to digital printing significantly reduces the need for manpower and allows for a more flexible cost structure.

Sustainability. Digital textile printing significantly reduces industrial water consumption and discharge of toxic chemicals by eliminating the need to wash screens for color changes and repeated use. We estimate that this results in reduced environmental impact and in turn enables manufacturers to comply with regulatory and brand guidelines at a location of their choosing, in many cases in populated areas which are not industrial in nature. In addition, digital textile printing opens up opportunities to optimize processes and reduce the carbon footprint and energy expense used to decorate garments and fabrics.

Our Products 

Our DTG solutions utilize our patented wet-on-wet printing methodology that eliminates the common practice of separately coating and drying textiles prior to printing. This methodology also enables printing on a wide range of untreated natural, synthetic, blends and man-made fabrics, including cotton, wool, polyester and lycra, and with throughputs ranging from 40 to approximately 400 garments per hour, depending on system type, garment type and operational capabilities. Our industrial and mass production DTG solutions are suited to the needs of a variety of customers, from smaller industrial operators with limited budgets to mass producers with complex manufacturing requirements. Products in this category are designed to print directly on finished garments such as shirts, sweatshirts, polos, fleeces, and more. Our primary systems within our DTG business include the Atlas MAX Plus, Atlas MAX Poly and Apollo.

In April 2021, we supplemented our original DTG printing solutions with our Kornit MAX technology, which enables exemplary retail print quality and durability standards, together with enhanced production speed. The breakthrough technological innovation has been achieved thanks to new additional process and consumables capabilities, enabling optimal control over print quality and durability on a significantly larger media variety.

Kornit introduced the XDI technology that allows layered 3D printing. This capability is available as part of Kornit’s unique MAX printing engine. Kornit XDi brings a new dimension to digital printing by enabling the printing of multiple layers to create 3D-effects. XDi’s unique premium applications open new markets for our customers and offer creative freedom powered by a simple, single-step, digital and sustainable process. Our customers are now able to do much more with their printing equipment and enter into higher margin premium markets.

In July 2022, we introduced the Atlas MAX Poly, which extended our technological capabilities in high quality printing on polyester even further by leveraging the Kornit MAX technology and incorporating it as part of our proprietary polyester printing process, which is based on the NeoPigment® Olympia ink set. The Atlas MAX Poly harnesses an innovative low temperature curing ink set alongside a new process and consumables to deliver highest quality digital printing on dyed polyester as well as delivering improved productivity rates. These new capabilities expanded our opportunity within the sports and athleisure spaces. This platform is also equipped with Neon applications and a proprietary consumable called ProGuard, which acts as a barrier between the fabric and print and promotes the inhibition of dye migration. In addition, this solution improves print quality on polyester cotton blends.

Apollo was launched in January 2024. The Apollo is a digital mass production platform, designed to be capable of printing up to approximately 400 shirts per hour, and handled by a single operator. The Apollo leverages the MAX technology, and the Eco-Rapid ink set and consumables. The printing technology is boosted by automation of loading and unloading, as well as integrated smart curing. Kornit’s RIP (Raster Image Processor) solution – K-RIP, is integrated into the Apollo, enabling it to print spot colors and specific Pantones with ease. We intend to continue developing and adding additional features to Apollo to further enhance flexibility, quality, and productivity.

Kornit’s new energy-efficient Smart Curing solutions includes Orion for mid-level production, and Titan for higher-capacity volumes - both optimized for compatibility with Kornit Atlas MAX systems and based on field-proven solutions developed by Tesoma. The Lunar smart curing platform brings the same capabilities to Kornit’s Apollo solution. These highly efficient curing systems sync production and finish for an end-to-end process that reduces both energy consumption and total cost of ownership (TCO). Smart curing systems allow integration between our different Max platforms to the curing system, increasing print quality, energy efficiency and flexibility.

During 2023 we launched our Rapid Size Shifter (RSS) Pallet for our Atlas Max platform. RSS is a single adjustable pallet for multiple applications and product sizes. The RSS increases the speed and productivity of on-demand direct-to-garment production with a single pallet platform that addresses a wide range of applications, from T-shirts with or without neck tags and hoodies, to children’s apparel. This solution also reduces the downtime associated with pallet changes and streamlined production for accelerated time-to-market.

In June 2024, we launched the new Atlas MAX Plus system which uses Kornit’s proven Atlas MAX platform to bring increased productivity of up to150 garments per hour. With integrated Smart Curing, Rapid Size Shifter pallets, and qualiset, the offering takes smart production capabilities a step forward introducing production flexibility, autonomous calibration, consistency.

Building on the expertise and capabilities that we have accumulated in developing and offering differentiated solutions for the industrial DTG market, we also offer industrial digital printing solutions which target the on-demand Direct-to-Fabric market. Our Direct-to-Fabric products are designed to deliver printing on rolls of fabric that are subsequently converted into finished goods. Our Direct-to-Fabric capabilities cater to different market segments such as fashion and home décor. Like our DTG products, our Direct-to-Fabric solutions are designed to print on a wide range of fabrics. Our digital Direct-to-Fabric printing products also use our wet-on-wet patent and are a leading single-step, eco-friendly, stand-alone industrial Direct-to-Fabric digital textile printing products available on the market. Our system within our Direct-to-Fabric business include the Presto MAX. Our Presto MAX platform brings unique capabilities to the market allowing our customers to digitally print on dyed fabrics, utilizing our white NeoPigment® ink, both as a spot color and as a base. Presto MAX also allows printing using Neon colors to achieve expanded color gamut and a wide variety of applications. Presto MAX also includes Kornit’s innovative XDi technology allowing 3D-effects and enabling our customers to penetrate higher margin premium markets. During the last quarter of 2024, we commenced the final test stage of our “Vivido” ink set. The Vivido is expected to enable the printing of deep and natural blacks while reducing ink consumption and improving hand feel. Additionally, Kornit is anticipated to launch the Qualiset system also as part of the Presto MAX platform, which facilitates automatic machine calibrations ensuring quality and consistency.

Our series of ink sets for DTG systems, includes NeoPigment®, NeoPigment® Rapid, NeoPigment® Eco-Rapid and NeoPigment® Olympia. The first two ink sets are designed for Kornit legacy products, while the Eco-Rapid is the most advanced ink set designed for retail quality. These three ink sets are available in seven colors (W+CMYKRG) and a complementary binding agent. NeoPigment® Olympia is designed for our polyester printing system, the Avalanche Poly Pro and the Atlas MAX Poly, and is available in five colors (W+CMYK), with an enhancer for the Avalanche Poly Pro and 7 colors (W+CMYKNyNp) on the Atlas MAX Poly. For our roll-to-roll systems, we offer the NeoPigment® Robusto ink set, which consists of up to nine colors (W+CMYKRGNyNp) in several different configurations.

We also offer customers maintenance and support services, as well as value-added services and application consulting, aimed at optimizing the number of impressions printed by our systems.

Our Software Solutions 

Our DTG systems arrive with our QuickP Production software embedded. The software manages the system operation and prepares image files for printing. QuickP Production is a simple to use solution that allows users to control key operating parameters, such as print resolution, perform maintenance and calibration procedures and import image files and prepare them for print.

As part of Apollo, we have included K-RIP, an embedded RIP (Raster Image Processor) solution, which is capable of supporting various types of files, including PDF files, and matches specific colors (such as spot colors and Pantones) with Kornit’s inks. It supports integration with an API workflow, which boosts the ability to automate the production floor.

Kornit Konnect, our cloud-based, software analytics connectivity platform enables businesses to maximize productivity of their digital printing solutions. In its first phase, Kornit Konnect enables businesses to monitor production, analyze data, become insights-driven and manage their fleet, in order to eliminate blind spots. It includes a fleet management dashboard, data driven benchmarks, actual production costs, and cost structures per job, making it easy for businesses to learn more, react faster and perform better.

In August 2020, we acquired Custom Gateway, a global provider of cloud-based software workflow solutions for both B2B and B2C business models. Custom Gateway’s solution enables Kornit to offer customers an end-to-end solution for on-demand production.

KornitX’s technology, which is based on our acquisition of Custom Gateway, connects front end, web-based demand generators such as on-line stores and on-line brands as well as licensors with a digitized fulfillment process, enabling a digitized on-demand manufacturing process. With the KornitX production floor solution, orders are routed and managed to facilitate efficient on-demand production on a mass scale.

Our Services  

Our service offering consists of system upgrade kits, maintenance and support, consulting and professional services. We continue to expand our services capabilities and aim to increase the number of customers that rely on our service for their systems. As of December 31, 2024, we had service contracts in place with approximately 34% of our industrial and mass production installed base.

AIC™ – All-Inclusive Click business model

In early 2024, the Company formally introduced the All-Inclusive Click (AIC™) model, which is designed to provide customers with a predictable, scalable, and cost-effective approach to digital printing. Under this model, Kornit retains ownership of the system, while the customer operates the system and is charged a fixed fee per impression produced. The fixed fee paid by customers covers system usage, ink, consumables, and service, eliminating the need for extensive capital investment. Customers commit to a minimum annual volume of impressions at the fixed price, typically over a five-year contractual period with successive one-year automatic renewals.

If a customer surpasses its minimum volume commitment, incremental impressions are billed at a reduced rate, creating a strong incentive to optimize system usage and scale production. This structure directly aligns our revenue growth with the operational success of customers, in-turn enhancing and deepening the relationship.

The AIC™ model is targeted at businesses seeking to expand their digital production capabilities without incurring upfront capital expenditure. Additionally, we believe that the model opens new market opportunities by attracting customers who may have previously been hesitant to adopt digital printing due to uncertainty in the unit economics of digital production. Customers exploring this model can now directly compare their existing unit production costs to AIC’s fixed price per impression while only needing to make assumptions on labor costs.

Kornit recognizes revenue from AIC™ over time as impressions are generated, which differs from our traditional selling model where the sale of a system is recognized at the time of delivery. Systems under the AIC™ model are reported as property, plant and equipment, net on our balance sheet and are depreciated over seven years.

Currently, AIC™ is available for the Apollo and Atlas MAX systems.

Our Strategy for Growth 

Our strategy includes three key pillars which are as follows:

Expand in Growth Markets 

We plan to continue growing our customer base by targeting new customers in markets that are adjacent to those in which we have been operating. These markets include geographies where we have identified multiple leading global fulfillers or demand generators which are producing without cost-efficient and sustainable solutions to meet changing consumer preferences. Our strategy of expanding into key markets also includes reallocating our resources selectively to better penetrate the bulk apparel market for athleisure and home décor in addition to new segments including footwear and technical apparel.

Maximize Impressions  

We are focused on increasing sales to existing customers by introducing new digital printing applications, developing new features and functionality of our systems, offering new system upgrade products to make it easier for customers to renew their fleets and update their installed base to the latest technology available, offering customers empowerment programs inclusive of basic and advanced training, with a goal of enabling our customers to increase utilization of their systems. With our move into solution selling, we are focusing on providing our customers with value added services including training programs, proactive services, production consulting and end-to-end workflow improvements. Through these value-added services, we can increase system availability and utilization, end-user product quality, and increase impressions, thereby requiring more ink and other consumables purchases as well as potential investment in new systems as our customers require additional capacity.

Extend our leadership position through acquisitions and strategic partnerships 

We seek to continue to differentiate ourselves and extend our leadership position. We may supplement our internal efforts with selective inorganic initiatives such as acquisitions and strategic partnerships to enhance our positioning. For example, our acquisition of Polymeric Imaging in 2015 expanded our ink technology capabilities, our acquisitions of the digital DTG printing assets of SPSI in 2016 enabled us to strengthen our direct sales channel and gain access to a large screen-printing customer base, the acquisition of business assets from Hirsch in 2019 helped us transition to a full direct sales model in North America, and our acquisition of Tesoma in 2022 provided us the ability to integrate the curing step of the DTG printing process directly into our solutions via the Apollo.

Our Customers 

Our diverse global customer base consisted of approximately 865 active customers as of December 31, 2024. Our installed base serves a variety of customers, operating through different business models.

Self-Fulfillment. Companies that produce printed textiles and sell their own designs.

Hybrid Printers. Companies that produce printed textiles both in-house and outsource to third party fulfillment providers.

Third Party Fulfillment Centers. Companies serving as third party fulfillment for printed textile retailers.

Government Regulation

We are subject to various local, state, federal and international laws, regulations, and agencies that affect businesses generally, and our business in particular. These include:

Israeli Environmental, Health and Safety Regulations. Our manufacturing and development facilities use chemicals and produce waste materials, which require us to hold business licenses that may include conditions set by the Israeli Ministry of Environmental Protection for the operations of such facilities. We are also subject to extensive environmental, health and safety laws and regulations governing, among other things, the use, storage, registration, handling and disposal of chemicals and waste materials, the presence of specified substances in electrical products, air, water and ground contamination, air emissions and the clean-up of contaminated sites. In the future we may incur expenditures of significant amounts in the event of non-compliance and/or remediation, whether fines or other civil, administrative or criminal sanctions, including the revocation of our toxin permit, business permits, or other permits and licenses necessary to continue our business activities. In addition, we may be required to pay damages or civil judgments in respect of third-party claims, including those relating to personal injury, including exposure to hazardous substances that we use, store, handle, transport, manufacture or dispose of, or property damage. Some environmental, health and safety laws and regulations allow for strict, joint and several liability for remediation costs, regardless of comparative fault. We may be identified as a potentially responsible party under such laws. In addition, our customers may need to obtain regulatory permits to operate our systems in their facilities.

Import/Export Control Regulation of Chemicals and Hazardous Substances. The export of our products internationally subjects us to environmental laws and regulations concerning the import and export of chemicals and hazardous substances. In the European marketplace, electrical and electronic equipment is required to comply with the Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment, or WEEE, which aims to prevent waste by encouraging reuse and recycling, and the Directive on Restriction of Use of Certain Hazardous Substances, or RoHS, which restricts the use of ten hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products. Additionally, we are required to comply with certain laws, regulations and directives such as the United States Toxic Substances Control Act, or TSCA, and the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical Substances, or REACH. These laws and regulations may require the testing and registration of some chemicals that we ship along with, or that form a part of, our systems and other products. If we fail to comply with these or similar laws and regulations, we may be required to make significant expenditures to reformulate the chemicals that we use in our products and materials or incur costs to register such chemicals to gain and/or regain compliance. Additionally, we could be subject to significant fines or other civil and criminal penalties should we not achieve such compliance.

C. Organizational Structure

Our corporate structure consists of Kornit Digital Ltd., our Israeli parent company, and six wholly-owned subsidiaries: (1) Kornit Digital Technologies Ltd., which was incorporated on July 5, 2006 under the laws of the State of Israel, (2) Kornit Digital North America Inc., which was incorporated on September 12, 2007 under the laws of the State of Delaware, (3) Kornit Digital Europe GmbH, which was incorporated on April 20, 2011 under the laws of Germany, (4) Kornit Digital Asia Pacific Limited, which was incorporated on November 18, 2009 under the laws of Hong Kong, (5) Kornit Digital UK Ltd., which was incorporated on August 30, 2017 under the laws of England and Wales, and (6) Kornit Digital Japan KK which was incorporated on March 9, 2020 under the laws of Japan.

Tesoma GmbH (a German company, whose production activities were recently transferred to our third-party manufacturer) is wholly owned by Kornit Digital Technologies Ltd.

Custom Gateway, which currently operates under the name Kornit Digital/KornitX, was incorporated on May 5, 2010 under the laws of England and Wales, and is wholly owned by Kornit Digital UK Ltd. Custom Gateway Limited has several subsidiaries.

Kornit (Shanghai) Digital Co., Ltd., which was incorporated on December 8, 2021, is wholly owned by Kornit Digital Asia Pacific Limited.

D. Property, Plant and Equipment

Our corporate headquarters are located in Rosh Ha’Ayin, Israel in an office and research and development facility consisting of approximately 125,658 square feet. The lease for this office expires in December 2028, with an option for us to extend the lease for an additional two years.

In January 2022, we announced the official opening of a new, modern, ink manufacturing facility in Kiryat Gat, Israel. We own the property and the building at this facility (subject to a 49-year lease agreement with the ILA, which will renew for an additional 49 years). Our capital expenditures for 2021 and 2022 included approximately $2.5 million paid for the land for our new 71,440 square foot ink manufacturing and storage facility in Kiryat Gat, Israel. The total cost for land, construction of the facility, design, and installation of the production line, was approximately NIS 69 million (approximately $22 million). We used cash on hand to finance the construction of that facility.

Our U.S. headquarters are located in Englewood, New Jersey. We have entered into a lease for these headquarters, which includes approximately 15,845 square feet of offices and a warehouse. The lease for this location expires in February 2028. We maintain additional sales, support and marketing offices in: Dusseldorf, Germany; Hong Kong; the United Kingdom and Japan. We also maintain a disaster recovery site in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where we are able to manufacture the fixation agent for some of our printers and ink.

In November 2022, we entered into a new agreement for the lease of 18,256 square feet, in addition to our existing 14,057 square feet, for our office in Dusseldorf, Germany, which we have been using as an experience center. The lease will expire in 2028, with an option to extend the lease for two additional five-year periods.

ITEM 4A. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

ITEM 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects.

The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with our financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024 and related notes and the information contained elsewhere in this annual report. Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as those set forth under “ITEM 3.D. Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements.

Overview

We develop, design and market innovative digital printing solutions for the global printed textile industry. Our vision is to revolutionize this industry by facilitating the transition from analog processes to digital methods of production that address contemporary supply, demand, and environmental dynamics. Our solutions are designed to enable our customers to remain relevant, reduce waste, and adapt to shifting supply chain dynamics. We focus on the high throughput DTG, DTG Mass Production and Direct-to-Fabric segments of the printed textile industry. Our solutions include our proprietary digital printing systems, ink, and other consumables, associated software and value-added services that allow for printing large scale short and longer runs of complex images and designs directly on finished garments and fabrics. Our customers include fulfillers and demand generators, such as brands, licensors, and content creators, primarily within the fashion, apparel and home décor segments of the industry.

Consumers today have grown accustomed to shopping online with a vast selection of products advertising rapid shipping times; however, fulfillers and demand generators have historically relied on antiquated, pollutive, and labor-intensive production methods. With the rise of social media, consumers also increasingly expect that both their online and in-store shopping experiences will reflect the latest apparel trends, which are evolving more rapidly than ever before. To meet these consumer demands, many fulfillers and demand generators have faced rising inventories, higher variable costs, more unsold finished goods, and lower pricing.

When compared with analog methods of production, our solutions significantly reduce production lead times and enable our customers to produce smaller quantities of individually printed designs more effectively, sustainably, and cost-efficiently. Our solutions are also differentiated from other digital methods of production because they eliminate the need to pre-treat fabrics prior to printing, thereby offering our customers the ability to digitally print high quality images and designs on a variety of fabrics in a streamlined and environmentally friendly manner.

We have developed and offer a broad portfolio of differentiated digital printing solutions for the DTG market that provide answers to challenges faced by participants in the global printed textile industry. Our DTG solutions utilize our patented wet-on-wet printing methodology, which eliminates the common practice of separately coating and drying textiles prior to printing. This methodology also enables printing on a wide range of untreated fabrics, including cotton, wool, polyester, lycra, and denim. Our patented NeoPigment® ink and other consumables, have been specially formulated to be compatible with our systems and overcome the quality-related challenges that pigment-based inks have traditionally faced when used in digital printing. Our software solutions simplify workflows in the printing process, by offering a complete solution from web order intake through graphic job preparation and execution.

Building on the expertise and capabilities that we have accumulated in developing and offering differentiated solutions for the industrial DTG market, we also offer an industrial digital printing solution, the Presto MAX, which targets the on-demand Direct-to-Fabric market. While the DTG market generally involves printing on finished garments, the Direct-to-Fabric market is focused on printing on fabrics that are subsequently converted into finished garments, home décor, and other items. The Presto MAX, like our predecessor Direct-to-Fabric products, the Presto and the Allegro, utilize our proprietary wet-on-wet printing methodology and house an integrated drying and curing system. It offers the sole single-step, eco-friendly, stand-alone industrial Direct-to-Fabric digital textile printing solution available on the market, following its predecessors the Presto and the Allegro. We primarily sell the Presto MAX to innovative web-based businesses operating on-demand models that require a high degree of variety and limited quantity orders, as well as to fabric converters, which source large quantities of fabric and convert the untreated fabrics into finished materials to be sold to garment and home décor manufacturers. We believe that with the Presto MAX we are well positioned to take advantage of the growing trend towards customized fashion, home décor and on-demand fabric printing, where there is an increased focus on sustainable production. We began selling the Presto MAX commercially in 2021, two years after having introduced our Direct-to-Fabric digital textile printing solution, the Presto in 2019. 

Our go-to-market strategy consists of a hybrid model of indirect and direct sales, with a trend towards adopting a direct sales model in certain key markets. We have historically generated a significant portion of our sales through a global network of independent distributors and value-added resellers that we refer to as our channel partners. Our channel partners, in turn, sell the solutions they purchase from us to customers for whom we provide installation services, or sell and install our solutions on their own. Our channel partners work closely with our sales force and assist us by identifying potential sales targets, closing new business, and maintaining relationships with, and, in certain jurisdictions, providing support directly to our customers.

Maintenance and support for our systems is performed either by our own service organization or by service engineers employed by our distributors. This varies among the four regions that we serve, depending on the infrastructure we have established in each region. We provide professional services directly to some of our customers in all regions. Our customers can renew maintenance and support contracts for additional periods by purchasing a maintenance and support package that covers remote support, software upgrades and onsite yearly maintenance or they can choose to rely on our support on a non-contractual time and material basis.

We have an attractive business model, with our installed base of systems driving recurring sales of ink and other consumables. Our ink and other consumables are specially formulated to enable our systems to operate at the highest throughput level while adhering to high print quality requirements. We constantly explore the possibility of adding new business models and concepts designed to grow our business and cater to our customers’ needs.

We intend to capitalize on the continued growth of the DTG market by expanding our diverse global customer base, focusing particularly on fast-growing web-to-print businesses. We also seek to increase our sales to existing customers, particularly sales of our ink and other consumables. At the same time, we are pursuing new high-volume customers, including new customers in the screen replacement market with the Apollo, which should help drive an increase in the sale of ink and other consumables. We also expect to extend our serviceable addressable market by introducing new features and functionality that enhance the capabilities of our systems and inks, and enable our systems to print on new types of media. We plan to accomplish these goals by investing in our direct sales force, developing new applications for our systems, introducing new solutions, and growing our relationships with channel partners.

Recent Developments

Share Repurchase Programs

On September 10, 2024, we announced that our board of directors has authorized a new program for our repurchase of up to $100 million of our ordinary shares from time to time (our prior $75 million repurchase program that was initially approved in December 2022 and was extended in July 2023 and January 2024 had already expired prior to that time, in July 2024, and repurchases could no longer be made under it).

In order to facilitate our repurchase of ordinary shares under our new share repurchase program, on November 10, 2024, we entered into an accelerated share repurchase agreement with Goldman Sachs International, or Goldman Sachs, to repurchase $75 million of our ordinary shares. Please see “Item 16E Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers” for more information concerning our share repurchase programs.

A. Operating Results

The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024 and related notes and the information contained in “ITEM 18. Financial Statements”. Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP.

Components of Statement of Operations

Revenues

Systems, Ink and Other Consumables, Value Added Services

We generate revenues from the sale of our systems, ink and other consumables, and services, including software subscriptions and transaction-based revenues. Our growing installed base generates recurring revenues from ink and other consumables sales. We do not, however, consider period-to-period changes in our total installed base to be a helpful metric in assessing our performance because we sell a number of different systems that have significantly different throughput characteristics and average selling prices. Our installed base does not, therefore, serve to indicate revenues from future systems sales, however, because we have not experienced material changes in the prices at which we sell ink and other consumables, we believe the amount of the increase in revenues from ink and other consumables generated each period from our growing installed base is a key measure of success for our recurring revenues strategy.

We generate the services portion of our revenues from the provision of post-warranty service contracts, spare parts to our distributors and customers, system upgrades, time and material-based services, software subscriptions and transaction-based revenues.

We have historically sold our products directly and through independent distributors who resell them to customers. Sales by our distributors accounted for approximately 13% and 9% of our revenues during 2023 and 2024, respectively.

We recognize revenues in accordance with ASC No. 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. As such, we recognize revenue under the core principle that transfer of control to our customers should be depicted in an amount reflecting the consideration we expect to receive in revenue. Therefore, we identify a contract with a customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract and recognize revenues when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation.

We periodically provide customer incentive programs, including product discounts, volume-based rebates, and warrants, which are accounted for as variable consideration that is deducted from revenue in the period in which the revenue is recognized. These reductions to revenue are made based upon reasonable and reliable estimates that are determined by historical experience and the specific terms and conditions of the incentive.

Our business is seasonal. Either the third or fourth quarter has historically been our strongest quarter in terms of revenues, and the first quarter has been our weakest. This seasonality coincides with spending in anticipation of the holidays towards the end of the year, especially in the United States and Europe. Since sales of ink and other consumables generate higher gross margins than systems sales, gross margin in the third or fourth quarter tends to be higher than gross margin in the first quarter, when our customers typically reduce their system utilization rates significantly, and therefore purchase less ink and other consumables.

See “Critical Accounting Estimates-Revenue Recognition”.

Geographic Breakdown of Revenues

The following table sets forth the geographic breakdown of revenues from sales to customers for the periods indicated:

The change in the revenues by geographic region set forth in the above table reflects the general trends for our revenues for 2024 compared to 2023, as described below under “Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2024 and 2023-Revenues”.

Shipping and handling

Shipping and handling fees that are charged to our customers are recognized as revenue in the period shipped and the related costs for providing these services are recorded as a cost of revenues.

Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit

Cost of revenues consists primarily of payments to the third-party contract manufacturers who assemble our systems and who are responsible for ordering most of the components for those systems. Cost of revenues also includes components for our systems for which we are responsible, such as print heads, as well as raw materials for ink and other consumables. Cost of revenues includes personnel expenses, such as operation and supply chain employees, and related overhead for the manufacturing of our systems, as well as expenses for service personnel involved in the installation and support of our systems, shipping and handling fees, amortization of intangible assets, and overhead for the manufacturing process of ink and other consumables.

Gross profit is revenues less cost of revenues. Gross margin is gross profit expressed as a percentage of total revenues. Our gross margin has historically fluctuated from period to period as a result of changes in the mix of the systems that we sell and the amount of revenues that we derive from ink and other consumables versus systems. In general, we generate higher gross margins from our high throughput systems compared with entry level systems. In addition, customers that purchase our high throughput systems generally use larger quantities of ink and other consumables, which generate higher margins than sales of systems.

We currently offer maintenance and support for all our systems sold in the United States. We seek to increase the number of customers that rely on us to provide maintenance and support for their systems by expanding our maintenance and support capabilities. In addition to driving gross margin improvement, we believe this provides us with an opportunity to work directly with customers with the goal of reducing system down-time, educating customers on how to optimally use our systems to drive increased utilization and growth in impressions printed, expanding the variety of print applications, as well as increasing sales of post-warranty service contracts and other professional application development services. We are seeking to generate increased revenues from our services offering, including increasing sales of post-warranty service contracts, selling upgrade kits, and providing other professional services, to leverage the fixed cost component associated with our service organization and increase the contribution margin.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses are classified into three categories: research and development expenses, net, sales and marketing expenses, and general and administrative expenses. For each category, the largest component is generally personnel costs, consisting of salaries and related personnel expenses, including share-based compensation expenses. Operating expenses also include allocated overhead costs for facilities, including rent payments under our facility leases.

Research and Development Expenses, net. The largest component of our research and development expenses, net of government grants, is salaries and related personnel expenses for our research and development employees. Research and development expenses also include, purchases of laboratory supplies; expenses related to beta testing of our systems; amortization of intangible assets; and allocated overhead costs for facilities, including rent payments under our facilities leases. We record all research and development expenses as they are incurred, except for development expenses, which are capitalized in accordance with ASC 350-40. Our current research and development efforts are primarily focused on our next generation of Direct-to-Fabric and DTG systems. We are also investing in the development of new ink formulas for our new systems, in order to expand the range of fabrics on which we can print and improve color quality and diversification of our high-resolution images and designs. We are improving our software solutions to simplify workflows in the printing process, by offering a complete solution from web order intake through graphic job preparation and execution.

Sales and Marketing Expenses. The largest component of our sales and marketing expenses is salaries and related personnel expenses for our marketing, sales and other sales-support employees. Sales and marketing expenses also include trade shows, other advertising and promotions, including distributor open houses and media advertising; sales-based commissions, allowance for credit loss and allocated overhead costs for facilities, including rent payments under our facilities leases. We market our solutions using a combination of internal marketing professionals and our network of channel partners.

General and Administrative Expenses. The largest component of our general and administrative expenses is salaries and related personnel expenses for our executive officers, financial staff, information technology staff, and human resources staff. General and administrative costs also include fees for accounting and legal services, insurance and costs for facilities, including rent payments under our facilities leases, partially allocated to other departments.

Finance Income, Net

Finance income, net consists of interest income, foreign currency exchange gains or losses and bank fees. Foreign currency exchange changes reflect gains or losses related to changes in the value of our non-U.S. dollar denominated financial assets, primarily cash and cash equivalents, and trade payables and receivables. As of December 31, 2024, we did not have any indebtedness for borrowed amounts. Interest income consists of interest earned on our cash, cash equivalents, short-term bank deposits and marketable securities, offset by amortization of premium on marketable securities. We expect interest income to vary depending upon our average investment balances and market interest rates during each reporting period.

Taxes on Income

The corporate tax rate in Israel has been 23% for 2018 and all subsequent years. However, as discussed in greater detail below under “Taxation and Israeli Government Programs Applicable To Our Company - Israeli Tax Considerations and Government Programs,” we and our wholly owned Israeli subsidiary, Kornit Digital Technologies Ltd., which we refer to as Kornit Technologies, are entitled to various tax benefits under the Israeli Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 1959, or the Investment Law.

We consolidate the two separate results of our Israeli operations only for tax purposes such that net operating loss carryforwards of Kornit Technologies generated from 2014 onwards can be used to offset our taxable income. Kornit Technologies currently has enough carryforward net operating losses to offset our taxable income.

Beginning in January 2019, and with respect to its taxable results from 2019 onwards, our Israeli subsidiary further elected to apply the terms of the Investments Law as per its “Preferred Technological Enterprise,” or PTE, status. In each of 2022, 2023, and 2024, our effective tax rate was the blended rate of our Israeli tax and those of our non-Israeli subsidiaries in their respective jurisdictions of organization.

Comparison of Period-to-Period Results of Operations

In this section we provide data, as well as discussion and analysis, with respect to our results of operations for the last two years. While our statements of operations in Item 18 of this annual report cover each of the three years ended December 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, the data, and discussion and analysis, in this Item 5.A do not address the year ended December 31, 2022, or a comparison of our results of operations for that year compared with our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023. In order to view that data, and discussion and analysis, please see “ITEM 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects - A. Operating Results - Comparison of Period-to-Period Results of Operations - Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2023” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2023, which we filed with the SEC on March 28, 2024.

Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2024

The following tables present a comparison of the various components of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024, both in absolute amounts and as a percentage of our revenues in those respective years.

Revenues

Revenues decreased by $16.0 million, or 7.3%, to $203.8 million in 2024 from $219.8 million in 2023, which is net of $13.8 million and $3.3 million, in 2023 and 2024, respectively, in fair value of the warrants associated with revenues recognized from Amazon. The decline in revenues was primarily driven by a 32.3% decrease in systems revenues to $33.2 in 2024 from $49 million in 2023 and a 5.1% decrease in service revenues to $55.7 million in 2024 from $58.7 million in 2023 offset in part by a 2.5% increase in ink and other consumables revenues to $114.9 million in 2024 from $112 million in 2023. The decrease in systems revenues was attributable to macro-economic headwinds and other pressures, which continued to impact customers’ systems purchasing decisions and the decline in service revenues was due principally to lower sales of AtlasMAX upgrades in 2024.  

Cost of Revenues and Gross Profit

Cost of revenues decreased by $40.7 million, or 26.7%, to $112.1 million in 2024 from $152.8 million in 2023. Gross profit increased by $24.8 million, or 37.0%, to $91.8 million in 2024 from $67 million in 2023. Gross margin increased to 45.0% in 2024 compared with 30.5% in 2023. The increase in gross profit and gross margin reflects the higher proportion of comparatively higher gross margin ink and consumables revenue in our sales mix, lower charges related to the fair value of warrants deducted from revenues, and cost base reductions resulting from the restructuring.  

Operating Expenses

Research and Development, net. Research and development, or R&D, expenses, net of government grants, decreased by 16.9% in 2024 compared with 2023. The decrease in net R&D expenses was due primarily to the reduction in work force (as described in “Item 6.D. Employees” below), as well as a decrease in materials used as compared with 2023. As a percentage of total revenues, our R&D expenses decreased to 20.4% in 2024 from 22.8% in 2023.

Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses decreased by 12.6% in 2024 compared with 2023. This decrease was due primarily to the reduction in the average number of employees (as described in “Item 6.D. Employees” below), as well as lower spending on events and other marketing activities. As a percentage of total revenues, our sales and marketing expenses decreased to 28.7% in 2024 from 30.4% in 2023.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses decreased by 22.6% in 2024 compared with 2023. This was due primarily to the reduction in personnel (as described in “Item 6.D. Employees” below) . As a percentage of total revenues, our general and administrative expenses decreased to 14.3% in 2024 from 17.1% in 2023.

Financial Income, Net

Financial income, net, totaled $22.4 million in 2024 compared with $24.2 million in 2023. The $1.8 million decrease was due primarily to lower average balances and interest rates on our bank deposits and marketable securities. Financial expenses in 2024 declined to $1.7 million from $3.7 million in 2023 due mainly to lower exchange rate differences.

Taxes on Income

Taxes on income amounted to $1.8 million in 2024, compared with $1.0 million in 2023. The change was due mainly to (i) the valuation allowance recorded in 2023 against deferred tax assets, and (ii) prior years’ taxes. For more information, please see Note 14 to our consolidated financial statements that appear in Item 18 of this Annual Report.

For more information concerning our income tax expenses, please see the risk factor in Item 3.D above that begins “We may be subject to additional tax liabilities in the future as a result of audits of our tax returns.”

Taxation and Israeli Government Programs Applicable to Our Company

Israeli Tax Considerations and Government Programs

The following is a brief summary of the material Israeli tax laws applicable to us, and certain Israeli Government programs that benefit us.

General Corporate Tax Structure in Israel

Israeli companies are generally subject to corporate tax on their taxable income. Since 2018, the corporate tax rate has been 23%. However, the effective tax rate payable by a company that derives income from an Approved Enterprise, a Benefited Enterprise, a Preferred Enterprise, a Special Preferred Enterprise, a Preferred Technology Enterprise or Special Preferred Technology Enterprise (as discussed below) may be considerably less. Capital gains derived by an Israeli company are generally subject to the prevailing corporate tax rate.

Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxes), 5729-1969

The Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxes), 5729-1969, generally referred to as the Industry Encouragement Law, provides several tax benefits for “Industrial Companies”. The Israeli companies are an “Industrial Company” as defined by the Israeli Law for the Encouragement of Industry (Taxation), 1969.

The Industry Encouragement Law defines an “Industrial Company” as a company resident in Israel, which was incorporated in Israel and of which 90% or more of its income in any tax year, other than income from certain government loans, is derived from an “Industrial Enterprise” located in Israel or in the “Area”, in accordance with the definition under section 3A of the Israeli Income Tax Ordinance (New Version) 1961, or the Ordinance, and owned by it. An “Industrial Enterprise” is defined as an enterprise which is held by an Industrial Company whose principal activity in any given tax year is industrial production.

The following tax benefits, among others, are available to Industrial Companies:

Eligibility for benefits under the Industry Encouragement Law is not subject to receipt of prior approval from any governmental authority.

There can be no assurance that we will continue to qualify as an Industrial Company or that the benefits described above will be available in the future.

Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 5719-1959

The Law for the Encouragement of Capital Investments, 5719-1959, generally referred to as the Investment Law, provides certain incentives for capital investments in production facilities (or other eligible assets) by “Industrial Enterprises” (as defined under the Investment Law).

The Investment Law has been amended several times over the recent years, with the three most significant changes effective as of April 1, 2005, or the 2005 Amendment, as of January 1, 2011, or the 2011 Amendment and as of January 1, 2017, or the 2017 Amendment. Pursuant to the 2005 Amendment, tax benefits granted in accordance with the provisions of the Investment Law prior to its revision by the 2005 Amendment remain in force but any benefits granted subsequently are subject to the provisions of the 2005 Amendment. Similarly, the 2011 Amendment introduced new benefits to replace those granted in accordance with the provisions of the Investment Law in effect prior to the 2011 Amendment. However, companies entitled to benefits under the Investment Law as in effect prior to January 1, 2011 were entitled to choose to continue to enjoy such benefits, provided that certain conditions are met, or elect instead, irrevocably, to forego such benefits and have the benefits of the 2011 Amendment apply. We have examined the possible effect of these provisions of the 2011 Amendment on our financial statements and have decided not to opt to apply the new benefits under the 2011 Amendment and the 2017 Amendment for our company, and for our Israeli subsidiary we elected to apply the benefit under the 2011 Amendment. The 2017 Amendment introduces new benefits for Technological Enterprises, alongside the existing tax benefits.

The following discussion is a summary of the Investment Law following its most recent amendments:

Tax Benefits Subsequent to the 2005 Amendment

The 2005 Amendment applies to new investment programs and investment programs commencing after 2004, but does not apply to investment programs approved prior to April 1, 2005, referred to as Approved Enterprises. The 2005 Amendment provides that terms and benefits included in any certificate of approval that was granted before the 2005 Amendment became effective (April 1, 2005) will remain subject to the provisions of the Investment Law as in effect on the date of such approval. Pursuant to the 2005 Amendment, the Israeli Authority for Investments and Development of the Industry and Economy, or the Investment Center, will continue to grant Approved Enterprise status to qualifying investments. The 2005 Amendment, however, limits the scope of enterprises that may be approved by the Investment Center by setting criteria for the approval of a facility as an Approved Enterprise.

The 2005 Amendment provides that Approved Enterprise status will only be necessary for receiving cash grants. As a result, it was no longer necessary for a company to obtain the advance approval of the Investment Center in order to receive the tax benefits previously available under the alternative benefits track. Instead, a company may claim the tax benefits offered by the Investment Law directly in its tax returns, provided that its facilities meet the criteria for tax benefits set forth in the 2005 Amendment. Companies or programs under the new provisions receiving these tax benefits are referred to as Benefited Enterprises. A company that has a Benefited Enterprise may, at its discretion, approach the Israel Tax

Authority for a pre-ruling confirming that it is in compliance with the provisions of the Investment Law, as amended.

Tax benefits are available under the 2005 Amendment to production facilities (or other eligible facilities) which are generally required to derive 25% or more of their business income from export to specific markets with a population of at least 14 million in 2012 (such export criteria will further be increased in the future by 1.4% per annum). In order to receive the tax benefits, the 2005 Amendment states that a company must make an investment which meets certain conditions set forth in the amendment for tax benefits, including exceeding a minimum investment amount specified in the Investment Law. Such investment entitles a company to receive a “Benefited Enterprise” status with respect to the investment, and may be made over a period of no more than three years ending in the year in which the company requested to have the tax benefits apply to its Benefited Enterprise. Where a company requests to have the tax benefits apply to an expansion of existing facilities, only the expansion will be considered to be a Benefited Enterprise and the company’s effective tax rate will be the weighted average of the applicable rates. In such case, the minimum investment required in order to qualify as a Benefited Enterprise must exceed a certain percentage of the value of the company’s production assets before the expansion.

The extent of the tax benefits available under the 2005 Amendment to qualifying income of a Benefited Enterprise depends on, among other things, the geographic location within Israel of the Benefited Enterprise. The location will also determine the period for which tax benefits are available. Such tax benefits include an exemption from corporate tax on undistributed income for a period of between two to ten years, depending on the geographic location of the Benefited Enterprise within Israel, and a reduced corporate tax rate of between 10% to 25% for the remainder of the benefits period, depending on the level of foreign investment in the company in each year. The benefits period is limited to 12 years from the year the company first chose to have the tax benefits apply.

A company qualifying for tax benefits under the 2005 Amendment which pays a dividend out of income derived by its Benefited Enterprise during the tax exemption period will be subject to deferred corporate tax in respect of the gross amount of the dividend distributed (grossed-up to reflect the pre-tax income that it would have had to earn in order to distribute the dividend) at the corporate tax rate which would have otherwise been applicable. Dividends paid to Israeli shareholders out of income attributed to a Benefited Enterprise (or out of dividends received from a company whose income is attributed to a Benefited Enterprise) are generally subject to withholding tax at source at the rate of 15% (in the case of non-Israeli shareholders - subject to the receipt in advance of a valid certificate from the ITA allowing for a reduced tax rate, 15%, or such lower rate as may be provided in an applicable tax treaty). The reduced rate of 15% is limited to dividends and distributions out of income derived during the benefits period and actually paid at any time up to 12 years thereafter. After this period, the withholding tax is applied at a rate of up to 30%, or at a lower rate under an applicable tax treaty (subject to the receipt in advance of a valid certificate from the ITA allowing for a reduced tax rate). In the case of a Foreign Investors’ Company (as such term is defined in the Investment Law), the 12-year limitation on reduced withholding tax on dividends does not apply.

During the years 2010 to 2019, we were entitled to a tax exemption for undistributed income (“Trapped Profits”) and a reduced tax rate under the Benefited Enterprise programs under the Investment Law. Our company enjoyed these tax benefits until 2019. On November 15, 2021, a new amendment of the Investment Law was enacted harshening the rules with respect to determining the profits from which a dividend was distributed and providing that part of any dividend distribution will be deemed as distributed from the Trapped Profits, according to a certain formula. The Israeli government agreed to grant a relief of 30%-60% on the amount of tax which should have been paid on distributable earnings in order to encourage companies to pay the reduced taxes during the next 12 months (the “Temporary Order”). In November 2022, we applied the Temporary Order to our exempt profits accrued prior to 2022.

Tax Benefits under the 2011 Amendment

The 2011 Amendment canceled the availability of the benefits granted to companies in accordance with the provisions of the Investment Law prior to 2011 and, instead, introduced new benefits for income generated by a “Preferred Company” through its “Preferred Enterprise” (as such terms are defined in the Investment Law) as of January 1, 2011. The definition of a Preferred Company includes an industrial company that was incorporated in Israel, which is not wholly owned by a governmental entity, and which has, among other things, Preferred Enterprise status and is controlled and managed from Israel. Pursuant to the 2011 Amendment, a Preferred Company is entitled to a reduced corporate flat tax rate of 15% with respect to its preferred income derived by its Preferred Enterprise in 2011 and 2012, unless the Preferred Enterprise is located in a certain development zone, in which case the rate will be 10%. Such corporate tax rate was reduced to 12.5% and 7%, respectively, in 2013 and increased to 16% and 9%, respectively, in 2014 and through 2016. Pursuant to the 2017 Amendment, in 2017 and thereafter, the corporate tax rate for a Preferred Enterprise which is located in a specified development zone was decreased to 7.5%, while the reduced corporate tax rate for other development zones remains 16%. Income derived by a Preferred Company from a ’Special Preferred Enterprise’ (as such term is defined in the Investment Law) would be entitled, during a benefits period of 10 years, to further reduced tax rates of 8%, or to 5% if the Special Preferred Enterprise is located in a certain development zone. As of January 1, 2017, the definition of “Special Preferred Enterprise” includes less stringent conditions.

The tax benefits under the 2011 Amendment also include accelerated depreciation and amortization for tax purposes.

Dividends paid to Israeli shareholders out of preferred income attributed to a Preferred Enterprise or to a Special Preferred Enterprise are generally subject to withholding tax at source at the rate of 20% (in the case of non-Israeli shareholders - subject to the receipt in advance of a valid certificate from the ITA allowing for a reduced tax rate, 20% or such lower rate as may be provided in an applicable tax treaty). However, if such dividends are paid to an Israeli company, no tax is required to be withheld (although, if subsequently distributed to individuals or a non-Israeli company, withholding of 20% or such lower rate as may be provided in an applicable tax treaty will apply).

The 2011 Amendment also provided transitional provisions to address companies already enjoying existing tax benefits under the Investment Law. These transitional provisions provide, among other things, that unless an irrevocable request is made to apply the provisions of the Investment Law as amended in 2011 with respect to income to be derived as of January 1, 2011: (i) the terms and benefits included in any certificate of approval that was granted to an Approved Enterprise which chose to receive grants and certain tax benefits before the 2011 Amendment became effective will remain subject to the provisions of the Investment Law as in effect on the date of such approval, and subject to certain conditions; (ii) terms and benefits included in any certificate of approval that was granted to an Approved Enterprise which had participated in an alternative benefits track before the 2011 Amendment became effective will remain subject to the provisions of the Investment Law as in effect on the date of such approval, provided that certain conditions are met; and (iii) a Benefited Enterprise can elect to continue to benefit from the benefits provided to it before the 2011 Amendment came into effect, provided that certain conditions are met. Kornit Technologies has filed a notification that it wishes to apply the new benefits under the 2011 Amendment.

New Tax benefits under the 2017 Amendment that became effective on January 1, 2017.

The 2017 Amendment provides new tax benefits for two types of “Technology Enterprises”, as described below, and is in addition to the other existing tax beneficial programs under the Investment Law.

The 2017 Amendment provides that a technology company satisfying certain conditions will qualify as a Preferred Technology Enterprise and will thereby enjoy a reduced corporate tax rate of 12% on income that qualifies as “Preferred Technology Income”, as defined in the Investment Law. The tax rate is further reduced to 7.5% for a Preferred Technology Enterprise located in development zone “A”. These corporate tax rates shall apply only with respect to the portion of the Preferred Technology Income derived from R&D developed in Israel. In addition, a Preferred Technology Company will enjoy a reduced corporate tax rate of 12% on capital gain derived from the sale of certain “Benefitted Intangible Assets” (as defined in the Investment Law) to a related foreign company if the Benefitted Intangible Assets were acquired from a foreign company on or after January 1, 2017 for at least NIS 200 million, and the sale receives prior approval from the National Authority for Technological Innovation (previously known as the Israeli Office of the Chief Scientist), referred to as the Israel Innovation Authority (“IIA”) .

The 2017 Amendment further provides that a technology company satisfying certain conditions will qualify as a “Special Preferred Technology Enterprise” and will thereby enjoy a reduced corporate tax rate of 6% on “Preferred Technology Income” regardless of the company’s geographic location within Israel. In addition, a Special Preferred Technology Enterprise will enjoy a reduced corporate tax rate of 6% on capital gain derived from the sale of certain “Benefitted Intangible Assets” to a related foreign company if the Benefitted Intangible Assets were either developed by the Special Preferred Technology Enterprise or acquired from a foreign company on or after January 1, 2017, and the sale received prior approval from the IIA. A Special Preferred Technology Enterprise that acquires Benefitted Intangible Assets from a foreign company for more than NIS 500 million will be eligible for these benefits for at least ten years, subject to certain approvals as specified in the Investment Law.

Dividends distributed to Israeli shareholders by a Preferred Technology Enterprise or a Special Preferred Technology Enterprise, paid out of Preferred Technology Income, are generally subject to withholding tax at source at the rate of 20% (in the case of non-Israeli shareholders - subject to the receipt in advance of a valid certificate from the ITA allowing for a reduced tax rate, 20%, or such lower rate as may be provided in an applicable tax treaty). However, if such dividends are paid to an Israeli company, no tax is required to be withheld (although, if such dividends are subsequently distributed from such Israeli company to individuals or a non-Israeli company, withholding tax at a rate of 20% or such lower rate as may be provided in an applicable tax treaty will apply). If such dividends are distributed to a foreign parent company holding, solely or together with another foreign company, at least 90% of the shares of the distributing company and other conditions are met, the withholding tax rate will be 4% (or a lower rate under a tax treaty, if applicable, subject to the receipt in advance of a valid certificate from the ITA allowing for a reduced tax rate).

We believe that we and our Israeli subsidiary meet the conditions for “Preferred Technological Enterprises”, and accordingly are eligible for the tax rate of 12% on income that qualifies as “Preferred Technology Income”, as defined in the Law. The tax rate for Preferred Technological Enterprises located in development zone A is 7.5%.

From time to time, the Israeli Government has discussed reducing the benefits available to companies under the Investment Law. The termination or substantial reduction of any of the benefits available under the Investment Law could materially increase our tax liabilities.

B. Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of December 31, 2024, we had $35 million in cash and cash equivalents, $206 million in short term deposits and $271 million in marketable securities, which, in the aggregate, total $512 million.

Our cash requirements have principally been for working capital, capital expenditures and acquisitions, and in 2023 and 2024, our cash was also used for repurchasing our ordinary shares. Historically, we have funded our working capital requirements, primarily for inventory, accounts receivable and capital expenditures, from cash flows provided by our operating activities, investments in our equity securities, and cash and cash equivalents on hand. We have funded our acquisitions from the proceeds of our public offerings, including, most recently, our November 2021 follow-on offering, and from cash on hand.

In 2024 our capital expenditures included investment in equipment under lease, and in both 2024 and 2023, other expenditures were directed towards improvements and expansion of our worldwide locations and corporate facilities, and investment and improvements in our information technology.

The most significant elements of our working capital requirements are for inventory, accounts receivable and trade payables. We partially fund the procurement of the components of our systems that are assembled by our third-party manufacturers. Our inventory strategy includes maintaining inventory of systems and inks and other consumables at levels that we expect to sell during the successive three-month period based on anticipated customer demand. In order to hedge against the potential discontinuation of supply of inventory from our main facilities due to the ongoing military conflicts involving Israel, we increased our inventory levels in the primary global regions in which our sales occur. Our accounts receivable decreased in 2024 primarily due to collection efforts. Our trade payables increased in 2024 due mainly to an increase in materials purchases.

Based on our current business plans, we believe that our cash flows from operating activities and our existing cash resources will be sufficient to fund our projected cash requirements for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our rate of revenue growth, the timing and extent of spending to support product development efforts, the expansion of our sales and marketing activities, the timing of introductions of new solutions and the continuing market acceptance of our solutions, as well as other business development efforts including acquisitions. We believe that our current cash reserves will suffice for any such acquisitions, although there can be no assurance that we will not need to seek additional equity or debt financing in order to cover the cost of such potential acquisitions.

We provide below a summary of our consolidated statement of cash flows for the last two years. While our statements of cash flows in Item 18 of this annual report include cash flow data for each of the three years ended December 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, the data and discussion contained in this Item 5.B is limited to a comparison of our liquidity and capital resources- including cash flows- for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2024. For a discussion of our cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2022, and a comparison of those cash flows with those for the year ended December 31, 2023, please see “Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects-B. Liquidity and Capital Resources” in our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2023, which we filed with the SEC on March 28, 2024.

The following table presents the major components of net cash flows for our last two fiscal years:

Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities

Year Ended December 31, 2024

Net cash provided by operating activities in the year ended December 31, 2024 was $48.7 million.

Net cash provided by operating activities in 2024 reflected a net loss of $16.8 million, the elimination of non-cash expense line items, such as share-based compensation expenses of $21.8 million, restructuring expenses of $1.2 million, depreciation and amortization of $13.0 million and the fair value of warrants deducted from revenues of $3.3 million, and a decrease of accounts receivable of $28.2 million, a decrease in inventory of $3.0 million, and an increase in trade payables of $2.2 million. These changes were only partly offset by a decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities of $9.0 million.

The decrease in trade receivables, net reflects lower days sales outstanding, or DSO, of 116 days for the year ended December 31, 2024, compared with 155 days for the year ended December 31, 2023.

The decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities, as well as in trade payables, and the increase in inventory, were due primarily to lower business activities, including reduced systems sales throughout the year.

Year Ended December 31, 2023

Net cash used in operating activities in the year ended December 31, 2023 was $34.7 million.

Net cash used in operating activities in 2023 reflects a net loss of $64.4 million and the elimination of non-cash expense line items, such as share-based compensation expenses of $22.6 million, restructuring expenses of $19.1 million, depreciation and amortization of $14.7 million and the fair value of warrants deducted from revenues of $13.8 million. These adjustments were offset by the elimination of certain non-cash changes to our operating assets and liabilities, which, when eliminated, had a net impact of increasing the cash used in our operating activities, including an increase of accounts receivables of $19.2 million, a decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities of $10.5 million and a decrease in trade payables of $6.5 million, partially offset by an increase in inventory, net of $11.0 million.

The increase in accounts receivables reflects a higher portion of receivables with extended payment terms, with days sales outstanding, or DSO, increasing to 155 days for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared with 91 days for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities, as well as in trade payables, and the increase in inventory, were due primarily to lower business activities, including reduced systems sales throughout the year.

Net Cash Provided by Investing Activities

Year Ended December 31, 2024 

Net cash provided by investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2024, was $31.5 million. Net cash provided by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2024, was primarily attributable to proceeds from short-term bank deposits and marketable securities of $109.3 million, only partly offset, by $62.7 million investments in marketable securities and purchase of property, plant and equipment, including equipment under lease, of $15.9 million.

Year Ended December 31, 2023 

Net cash provided by investing activities in the year ended December 31, 2023, was $26.2 million. Net cash provided by investing activities for the year ended December 31, 2023, was primarily attributable to proceeds from short-term bank deposits and marketable securities of $67.2 million, partly offset by the purchase of property, plant and equipment of $7.0 million and the $34.0 million investment in marketable securities.

Net Cash Used in Financing Activities

Year Ended December 31, 2024

Net cash used in financing activities was $84.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and was primarily attributable to the repurchase of ordinary shares in an amount of $84.1 million.

Year Ended December 31, 2023 

Net cash used in financing activities was $56.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 and was primarily attributable to the repurchase of ordinary shares in an amount of $55.8 million.  

C. Research and development, patents and licenses, etc.

For a description of our research and development programs and the amounts that we have incurred over the last three years pursuant to those programs, please see “ITEM 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects- A. Operating Results- Components of Statement of Operations- Operating Expenses- Research and Development Expenses, net” and “ITEM 5. Operating and Financial Review and Prospects- A. Operating Results- Comparison of Period to Period Results of Operations- Comparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2024- Operating Expenses-- Research and Development, net” and the corresponding portions of our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2023, which we filed with the SEC on March 28, 2024.

D. Trend Information

Our results of operations and financial condition may be affected by various trends and factors discussed in “ITEM 3.D Risk Factors,” including “If the market for digital textile printing does not develop as we anticipate, our sales may not grow as quickly as expected and our share price could decline”, and “Macro-economic headwinds caused by inflation, relatively high interest rates and limited credit availability have been adversely impacting our revenues and profitability, and may continue to do so”, and in “ITEM 4.B Business Overview-Industry Overview.”

Additional trends that could potentially impact our results of operations and financial condition include changes in political, military or economic conditions in Israel and in the Middle East, and (given the rising level of cyber-attacks globally and targeting of Israeli companies), any potential cyber-attack on our IT systems. We believe that any such trends could have a material effect on our results of operations, liquidity, or financial condition or could cause our reported financial information not to be necessarily indicative of future operating results or financial condition.

E. Critical Accounting Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP). These accounting principles are more fully described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this annual report and require us to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions upon which we rely are reasonable based upon information available to us at the time that these estimates, judgments and assumptions are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. To the extent there are material differences between these estimates, judgments or assumptions and actual results, our financial statements will be affected. We believe that the accounting policies discussed below are critical to our financial results and to the understanding of our past and future performance, as these policies relate to the more significant areas involving management’s estimates and assumptions. We consider an accounting estimate to be critical if: (1) it requires us to make assumptions because information was not available at the time, or it included matters that were highly uncertain at the time we were making our estimate; and (2) changes in the estimate could have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

We believe that the following significant accounting policies are the basis for the most significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

We generate revenues from sales of systems, consumables and services. We generate revenues from sale of our products directly to end-users and indirectly through independent distributors, all of whom are considered end-users. We recognize revenue under the core principle that transfer of control to our customers should be depicted in an amount reflecting the consideration we expect to receive in revenue. Therefore, we identify a contract with a customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation in the contract, and recognize revenues when, or as, we satisfy a performance obligation.

Revenues from products, which consist of systems and consumables, are recognized at the point in time when control has transferred, in accordance with the agreed-upon delivery terms.

Revenues from services are derived mainly from the sale of print heads, spare parts, upgrade kits, software subscription and service contracts. Our print heads, spare parts and upgrade kits revenues are recognized at the point in time when control has transferred, in accordance with the agreed-upon delivery terms. Service contracts and software subscriptions are recognized over time, on a straight-line basis, over the period of the service.

For multiple performance obligations arrangements, such as selling a system with a service contract, installation and training, we account for each performance obligation separately, as it is distinct. The transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation on a relative stand-alone selling price, or SSP, basis, and revenue is recognized for each performance obligation when control has passed, or service has been rendered. In most cases, we are able to establish SSP based on the observable prices of services sold separately in comparable circumstances to similar customers and for products based on our best estimates of the price at which we would have sold the product regularly on a stand-alone basis. We reassess the SSP on a periodic basis or when facts and circumstances change.

We do not account for training and installation as a separate performance obligation due to its immateriality in the context of our contracts. Accordingly, revenues from training and installation are recognized upon the delivery of our systems.

We periodically provide customer incentive programs in the form of product discounts, volume-based rebates and warrants, which are accounted for as variable consideration that are deducted from revenue in the period in which the revenue is recognized. These reductions to revenue are made based upon reasonable and reliable estimates that are determined according to historical experience and the specific terms and conditions of the incentive.

In cases in which old systems are traded in as part of sales of new systems, the fair value of the old systems is recorded as inventory, provided that such value can be recoverable.

Inventories

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is first-in, first-out cost basis. Inventory costs consist of material, direct labor and overhead. We periodically assess inventory for obsolescence and excess and reduce the carrying value by an amount equal to the difference between its cost and the estimated net realizable value based on assumptions about future demand and historical sales patterns. This valuation requires us to make judgments, based on currently available information, about the likely method of disposition, such as through sales and expected recoverable values of each disposition category. These assumptions about future disposition of inventory are inherently uncertain and changes in our estimates and assumptions may cause us to realize material write-downs in the future.

As of December 31, 2024, we had $60.3 million of inventory, of which $32.5 million consisted of raw materials and components and $27.8 million consisted of completed systems, ink and other consumables. We recorded inventory write-offs of $11.4 million, $22.0 million, and $4.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2023, and 2024, respectively.

Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

For a summary of recent accounting pronouncements applicable to our consolidated financial statements see Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies” to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part III, Item 18 of this Annual Report on Form 20-F.

ITEM 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees.

A. Directors and Senior Management

The following table sets forth the name, age and position of each of our executive officers and directors as of the date of this annual report:

Executive Officers

Ronen Samuel has served as our Chief Executive Officer since August 2018 and as a director since August 2019. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Samuel served in various capacities at Hewlett -Packard, or HP, over the course of the previous 18 years. Most recently, he served as Vice President and General Manager of HP Indigo and WebPress EMEA. Prior to that, Mr. Samuel led HP’s Asia Pacific and Japan region for seven years. He was also engaged in Strategic Marketing while at HP, working closely with Research and Development to define future products. While at HP, Mr. Samuel also served in various capacities as product/project manager. Prior to his career in printing technology, Mr. Samuel spent seven years in the Israeli Air Force, rising to the rank of major while serving as a fighter pilot and leading the establishment of Israel’s second Apache Squadron. Mr. Samuel received an M.B.A. from Northwestern University’s Kellogg School of Management and received an undergraduate Business and Law degree from The Interdisciplinary Center in Herzliya, Israel.

Lauri Hanover has served as our Chief Financial Officer since November 2022. Ms. Hanover also served as a director from March 2015 until August 2023 (and until August 2019 as an external director under the Companies Law). From April 2021 to November 2022, Ms. Hanover served as Senior Vice President, Community Agriculture and prior to that served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Netafim Ltd., a global leader in smart irrigation systems, since August 2013. From 2009 to 2013, she served as Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President of the Tnuva Group, Israel’s largest food manufacturer. From 2008 to 2009, Ms. Hanover served as Chief Executive Officer of Gross, Kleinhendler, Hodak, Halevy and Greenberg & Co., an Israeli law firm. From 2004 to 2007, she served as Chief Financial Officer and Senior Vice President of Lumenis Ltd. (Nasdaq: LMNS), a medical laser device company. From 2000 to 2004, Ms. Hanover served as the Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Vice President of NICE Systems Ltd. (Nasdaq: NICE), an interaction analytics company, and from 1997 to 2000, as Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President of Sapiens International Corporation N.V. (Nasdaq: SPNS), a provider of software solutions for the insurance industry. From 1981 to 2007, she served in a variety of financial management positions at Scitex Corporation Ltd., a developer and manufacturer of inkjet printers, and at Philip Morris Inc. (Altria), a leading consumer goods manufacturer. Ms. Hanover holds a B.A. from the University of Pennsylvania, a B.S. in Economics from The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, and an M.B.A. from New York University.

Daniel Gazit has served as our Chief Product Officer since November 2022. Daniel joined Kornit as vice president and general manager of the Direct-to-Fabric business in 2019, and later led the Global Customer success organization. Daniel has more than 20 years’ experience leading large-scale customer facing and operational organizations in the high-tech industry. Prior to joining Kornit, Daniel held the position of VP Professional Service and Delivery at TEOCO and served as the vice president of global services at Comverse. His prior experience includes various business, technical and operational leadership positions in global high-tech organizations. Daniel holds a B.Sc. in industrial engineering and management from Tel-Aviv University.

Kobi Mann has served as our Chief Technology Officer since January 2020, prior to which he had held the position of VP Consumables & Application development since September 2017. Kobi Mann joined Kornit in 2004 as an R&D Chemist and has held core technology roles. As one of Kornit’s founders he brings over 17 years of experience in the field of Inkjet Technology. Kobi has played a critical role in the design and the execution of core projects and processes in the company. During his tenure at Kornit, he has managed and led R&D Chemistry, technology groups, transfer to production, print heads and QA as well as led Kornit’s Ink plant design. Prior to his executive position, Kobi held several managerial positions including Business Development of Consumables and Director of Global Application, an area he established in Kornit. Kobi holds a B.Sc. Chemistry and Executive MBA - both from Bar Ilan University in Israel.

Directors

Yuval Cohen has served as the Chairman of our board of directors since August 2011. Mr. Cohen is the founding and managing partner of Fortissimo Capital, a private equity fund established in 2004 and our former controlling shareholder. From 1997 through 2002, Mr. Cohen was a General Partner at Jerusalem Venture Partners (“JVP”), an Israeli-based venture capital fund. Prior to joining JVP, he held executive positions at various Silicon Valley companies, including DSP Group, Inc. (Nasdaq: DSPG), and Intel Corporation (Nasdaq: INTC). Currently, Mr. Cohen serves as chairman of the board of directors of each of Radware Ltd. (Nasdaq: RDWR) and Cellcom Israel Ltd. (TASE: CEL), and is expected to be appointed to the board of directors of Stratasys Ltd. (Nasdaq: SSYS) on March 31, 2025. He also serves on the board of directors of several privately held portfolio companies of Fortissimo Capital. Mr. Cohen holds a B.Sc. in Industrial Engineering from Tel Aviv University in Israel and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School.

Ofer Ben-Zur is a co-founder of our company and has served as director since 2002. From April 2014 to July 2016, Mr. Ben-Zur served as our President and Chief Technology Officer. From 2002 to April 2014, Mr. Ben-Zur served as our Chief Executive Officer, as well as the manager of our department of research and development. Currently Mr. Ben-Zur serves as the CEO and founder of Tritone Technologies, an Israeli start up specializing in Additive Manufacturing of metals. Mr. Ben-Zur holds a B.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering from the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, an M.Sc. in Mechanical Engineering from Tel Aviv University, and an M.B.A. from Bradford University.

Naama Halevi Davidov has served as a member of our board of directors since August 2023. She served as Chief Financial Officer of XM Cyber since May 2022. In addition, Dr. Halevi Davidov has served as a member of the board of directors of Kaltura (Nasdaq: KLTR) since July 2021, and as a member of the board of directors of Actelis Networks (Nasdaq: ASNS) since May 2022; Over the past 20 years, Dr. Halevi Davidov has served as a CFO for several global technology companies. Dr. Halevi Davidov is a Certified Public Accountant in Israel. She holds a Ph.D. in Strategy from Tel Aviv University, an M.B.A from Tel Aviv University and B.A in Accounting and Economics from Tel Aviv University.

Stephen Nigro has served as a member of our board of directors since August 2019, after having served as a strategic advisor to our company from April through August 2019. Mr. Nigro retired in early 2019 after 37 years at Hewlett-Packard, or HP, most recently serving as President of HP’s 3D printing business, where he created and scaled a new technology and business, serving as a driving force towards HP’s leadership in both the plastic and metal 3D printing markets. Mr. Nigro currently is a director at Desktop Metals (NYSE:DM). He also serves on the Oregon Economic Development Committee and is a member of iUrbanTeen, Executive Council which promotes STEM education to underrepresented teens. Prior to heading HP’s 3D printing business, Mr. Nigro served as Senior Vice President of HP Imaging and Printing Business, where he was responsible for leading HP’s World Wide HP 2D printing business. Prior to that position, Mr. Nigro led the World Wide Inkjet and Graphics Business, which served the consumer, business, and Graphics segments, with both inkjet and LEP printing solutions. Mr. Nigro was involved in initiating several matters at HP, including: delivery of the first HP color inkjet solution to the market; setting up HP’s Inkjet Supplies operation in Singapore; development of HP’s first off-axis inkjet platform; HP’s move into the low-end consumer printing market, delivering a new low-end inkjet platform; creation and scaling of the HP Graphics printing business; the connected printing strategy introducing big data and a new Instant Ink business model; and the creation of the HP 3D printing business. Mr. Nigro spent time at HP’s locations in San Diego, California; Corvallis, Oregon; Singapore; Palo Alto; and Vancouver, Washington. Mr. Nigro holds a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering from the University of California at Santa Barbara and a master’s degree in electrical engineering from Stanford University.

Dov Ofer has served as a member of our board of directors since March 2015 and is a member of our audit and compensation committees. From 2007 to 2013, Mr. Ofer served as Chief Executive Officer of Lumenis Ltd. (Nasdaq: LMNS), a medical laser device company. From 2005 to 2007, he served as Corporate Vice President and General Manager of HP Scitex (formerly a subsidiary of Scailex Corporation Ltd. (TASE: SCIX)), a producer of large format printing equipment. From 2002 to 2005, Mr. Ofer served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Scitex Vision Ltd. Prior to joining Scitex, Mr. Ofer held various managerial positions in the emerging Israeli high-tech sector and participated in different mergers and acquisitions within the industry. Currently, Mr. Ofer serves as chairman of Magen Eco-Energy RCA Ltd., Chairman of Scodix Ltd., Chairman of Stratasys Ltd. (Nasdaq: SSYS) and Director of Copprint. He holds a B.A. in Economics from the Hebrew University in Israel as well as an M.B.A. from the University of California Berkeley.

Gabi Seligsohn has served as a member of our board of directors since May 2015. He also served as our Chief Executive Officer from April 2014 through July 2018, and led our successful IPO in April 2015. From August 2006 until August 2013, Mr. Seligsohn served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Nova Measuring Instruments Ltd., or Nova (Nasdaq: NVMI), a designer, developer and producer of optical metrology solutions. From 1998 until 2006, Mr. Seligsohn served in several leadership positions in Nova. Mr. Seligsohn currently serves as a senior advisor to PSG private equity and works as an advisor to several privately held technology companies. He holds an LL.B. from the University of Reading.

Arrangements Concerning Election of Directors; Family Relationships

Our board of directors consists of seven directors. We are not a party to, and are not aware of, any voting agreements among our shareholders. In addition, there are no family relationships among our executive officers or senior management members.

B. Compensation

The aggregate cash compensation recorded and equity-based compensation and other compensation expensed by us and our subsidiaries for our directors and executive officers with respect to the year ended December 31, 2024 was $6.1 million. The foregoing sum includes approximately $0.2 million set aside or accrued to provide pension, severance, retirement or similar benefits or expenses.

The forgoing aggregate compensation includes cash fees recorded and equity compensation expensed for two of our former directors, Jae Hyun (Jay) Lee and Yehoshua (Shuki) Nir, who served during 2024, from the start of the year through October 10, 2024 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The following table presents the grant dates, number of options, RSUs and PSUs, and related exercise prices and expiration dates of options and RSUs granted to our directors and executive officers for the year ended December 31, 2024:

Director Compensation

Under the Companies Law, the compensation of our directors (including reimbursement of expenses) requires the approval of our compensation committee, the subsequent approval of the board of directors and, unless exempted under the regulations promulgated under the Companies Law, the approval of the shareholders at a general meeting as described in “C. Board Practices-Approval of Related Party Transactions under Israeli Law - Disclosure of Personal Interests of an Office Holder and Approval of Certain Transactions.” Where the director is also a controlling shareholder, the requirements for approval of transactions with controlling shareholders apply, as described below under “Approval of Related Party Transactions under Israeli Law - Disclosure of Personal Interests of a Controlling Shareholder and Approval of Certain Transactions.”

Our directors are entitled to cash compensation as follows:

All of our non-employee directors receive annual fees and per-meeting fees for their service on our board and its committees as follows:

In addition, commencing with our 2020 annual general meeting of shareholders, we provide for annual RSU grants to our non-employee directors. The number of RSUs granted to each director is linked to a fixed value- $115,000 for each non-employee director. The actual number of RSUs to be granted each year with the foregoing $115,000 value is determined based on the closing price of our ordinary shares on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on the date of our annual shareholder meeting. Our RSU grant agreements for non-employee directors are subject to the following additional terms:

Executive Officer Compensation

The table below outlines the compensation granted to our five most highly compensated office holders during or with respect to the year ended December 31, 2024, in the disclosure format of Regulation 21 of the Israeli Securities Regulations (Periodic and Immediate Reports), 1970. We refer to the five individuals for whom disclosure is provided herein as our “Covered Executives.”

For purposes of the table and the summary below, and in accordance with the above-mentioned securities regulations, “compensation” includes base salary, variable compensation, equity-based compensation, retirement or termination payments, benefits and perquisites such as car, phone and social benefits and any undertaking to provide such compensation.

Summary Compensation Table

Information Regarding Covered Executives⁽¹⁾

2012 Share Incentive Plan

In October 2012, our board of directors adopted and our shareholders approved our 2012 Share Incentive Plan, or the 2012 Plan. The 2012 Plan replaced our 2004 Plan. We no longer grant equity awards under the 2012 Plan because it was superseded by the 2015 Plan and expired (for purposes of granting new awards) in October 2022, although awards that were previously granted under the 2012 Plan remain outstanding. The 2012 Plan provided for the grant of options, restricted shares, restricted share units and other share-based awards to our and our subsidiaries’ and affiliates’ directors, employees, officers, consultants, advisors, and any other person whose services are considered valuable to us or our affiliates, to continue as service providers, to increase their efforts on our behalf or on behalf of our subsidiary or affiliate and to promote the success of our business. As of December 31, 2024, we had options to purchase 20,727 ordinary shares that remained outstanding under the 2012 Plan.

2015 Incentive Compensation Plan

In March 2015, we adopted our 2015 Incentive Compensation Plan, or the 2015 Plan. The 2015 Plan provides for the grant of share options, share appreciation rights, restricted share awards, restricted share units, cash-based awards, other share-based awards and dividend equivalents to our company’s and our affiliates’ respective employees, non-employee directors and consultants. The reserved pool of shares under the 2015 Plan was the sum of (i) 661,745 shares; plus (ii) on January 1 of each calendar year during the term of the 2015 Plan, a number of shares equal to the least of: (x) 3% of the total number of shares outstanding on December 31 of the immediately preceding calendar year, (y) an amount determined by our board of directors, and (z) 1,965,930 shares. From and after the effective date of the 2025 Plan (as described below), no further grants or awards will be made under the 2015 Plan, as all ordinary shares available for issuance under the 2015 Plan have been transferred to the initial pool of ordinary shares under the 2025 Plan. Nevertheless, outstanding awards under the 2015 Plan remain subject to the terms of the 2015 Plan. Generally, shares that are forfeited, cancelled, terminated or expire unexercised, settled in cash in lieu of issuance of shares under the 2015 Plan or the 2012 Plan shall be available for issuance pursuant to new awards under the 2025 Plan. In addition, any shares tendered or withheld to pay the exercise price, purchase price of an award, or any withholding taxes shall be available for issuance pursuant to new awards under the 2025 Plan. Shares delivered pursuant to “substitute awards” (awards granted in assumption or substitution of awards granted by a company acquired by us) shall not reduce the shares available for issuance under the 2025 Plan.

As of December 31, 2024, we had options to purchase 593,921 ordinary shares and 2,158,723 unvested RSUs (a portion of which are subject to performance based vesting conditions), outstanding under the 2015 Plan. As of December 31, 2024, we had no additional ordinary shares reserved for additional grants under the 2015 Plan, since all ordinary shares available for issuance under the 2015 Plan had been transferred to the initial pool of ordinary shares under the 2025 Plan.

Subject to applicable law, the 2015 Plan is administered by our compensation committee, which has full authority in all matters related to the discharge of its responsibilities and the exercise of its authority under the plan.

2015 Israeli Sub Plan

The 2015 Israeli Sub Plan provides for the grant by us of awards pursuant to Sections 102 and 3(i) of the Ordinance, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. The 2015 Israeli Sub Plan was effective with respect to awards granted as of 30 days from the date we submitted it to the ITA. The 2015 Israeli Sub Plan provides for awards to be granted to those of our or our affiliates’ employees, directors and officers who are not Controlling Shareholders, as defined in the Ordinance, and who are considered Israeli residents, to the extent that such awards either are (i) intended to qualify for special tax treatment under the “capital gains track” provisions of Section 102(b) of the Ordinance or (ii) not intended to qualify for such special tax treatment. The 2015 Israeli Sub Plan also provides for the grant of awards under Section 3(i) of the Ordinance to our Israeli non-employee service providers and Controlling Shareholders, who are not eligible for such special tax treatment.

Upon our adoption of the 2025 Plan in December 2024 (as described below), we will no longer make future grants under the 2015 Israeli Sub Plan, although outstanding awards under the 2015 Israel Sub Plan will continue to be governed by that plan.

2015 U.S. Sub Plan

The 2015 U.S. Sub Plan applies to grantees that are subject to U.S. federal income tax. The 2015 U.S. Sub Plan provides that options granted to the U.S. grantees will either be incentive stock options pursuant to Section 422 of the Code, or nonqualified stock options. Options, other than certain incentive stock options described below, must have an exercise price not less than 100% of the fair market value of an underlying share on the date of grant. Incentive stock options that are not exercised within 10 years from the grant date expire, provided that incentive stock options granted to a person holding more than 10% of our voting power will expire within five years from the date of the grant and must have an exercise price at least equal to 110% of the fair market value of an underlying share on the date of grant. The number of shares available under the 2015 Plan for grants of incentive stock options shall be the total number of shares available under the 2015 Plan subject to any limitations under the Code and provided that shares delivered pursuant to “substitute awards” shall reduce the shares available for issuance of incentive stock options under the 2015 Plan. It is the intention that no award shall be deferred compensation subject to Section 409A of the Code unless and to the extent that the compensation committee specifically determines otherwise. If the compensation committee determines an award will be subject to Section 409A of the Code such awards shall be intended to comply in all respects with Section 409A of the Code, and the 2015 Plan and the terms and conditions of such awards shall be interpreted and administered accordingly.

Upon our adoption of the 2025 Plan in December 2024 (as described below), we will no longer make future grants under the 2015 U.S. Sub Plan, although outstanding awards under the 2015 U.S. Sub Plan will continue to be governed by that plan.

2025 Share Incentive Plan

Because the 2015 Plan would have expired in March 2025, in December 2024, our board of directors adopted a new share incentive plan— the 2025 Share Incentive Plan, or the 2025 Plan. Outstanding grants under the 2012 Plan and 2015 Plan under which an aggregate of 2,752,644 ordinary shares may be issued will remain subject to those plans even after the expiration of those plans, but all ordinary shares that were unallocated to prior grants under the 2015 Plan as of the effectiveness of the 2025 Plan, or that subsequently become available under the 2012 Plan or 2015 Plan due to the expiration, cancellation, forfeiture or other surrender of outstanding grants under the 2012 Plan or 2015 Plan, have become or will become available for new grants under the 2025 Plan.

Authorized Shares. Upon its effectiveness, the 2025 Plan had a total of 2,122,421 ordinary shares reserved and initially available for issuance, consisting of (i) 1,450,289 ordinary shares that were rolled over from the 2015 Plan (which shares were unused under the 2015 Plan as of the effectiveness of the 2025 Plan) and (ii) 672,132 newly allocated ordinary shares.

In addition to the foregoing 2,122,421 ordinary shares initially available under the 2025 Plan, up to 2,752,644 ordinary shares, in the aggregate, that underlie outstanding awards under the 2012 Plan and 2015 Plan, may, (i) if the related award expires or is canceled, terminated, forfeited, repurchased or settled in cash in lieu of issuance of shares, for any reason, without having been exercised, or (ii) if permitted by us, if are tendered to pay (x) the exercise price of an award or (y) withholding tax obligations, will, in any such case, become available for issuance under the 2025 Plan. Similarly, ordinary shares from among the initial 2,122,422 shares reserved under the 2025 Plan that become subject to an award and are ultimately not issued (for any of the foregoing reasons) will become available once again under the 2025 Plan.

In keeping with the recommendation of institutional shareholder and proxy advisory groups, the 2025 Plan does not contain an “evergreen” provision that provides for an automatic annual increase in the number of ordinary shares available under the plan. Instead, we plan to increase the pool of shares available under the 2025 Plan on an as-needed basis, without equaling or surpassing the recommended limit of 10% dilution from all of the 2012 Plan, 2015 Plan and 2025 Plan, in the aggregate, to our shareholders on a fully-diluted basis.

Administration. A duly authorized committee of our Board (which, based on prior authorization by our Board, is our compensation committee), or, in the absence of any such committee, the Board itself, will administer the 2025 Plan. Under the 2025 Plan, the administrator has the authority, subject to applicable law, to interpret the terms of the 2025 Plan and any award agreements or awards granted thereunder, designate recipients of awards, determine and amend the terms of awards and take all actions and make all other determinations necessary for the administration of the 2025 Plan.

Eligibility. The 2025 Plan provides for granting awards under various tax regimes, including, without limitation, in compliance with Section 102 of the Israeli Tax Ordinance, or the Ordinance and Section 3(i) of the Ordinance, and, for awards granted to our United States employees or service providers, including those who are deemed to be residents of the United States for tax purposes, Section 422 of the Code and Section 409A of the Code.

Awards. The 2025 Plan provides for the grant of share options (including nonqualified stock options), ordinary shares, restricted shares, restricted share units and other share-based awards to employees, directors, officers, consultants, advisors and any other persons or entities who provides services to the company or any parent, subsidiary or affiliate thereof, subject to the terms and conditions of the 2025 Plan. Options granted under the 2025 Plan to our employees who are U.S. residents may only be non-qualified stock options.

Grant and Exercise. All awards granted pursuant to the 2025 Plan will be evidenced by an award agreement in a form approved, from time to time, by the administrator in its sole discretion. Unless otherwise determined by the administrator and stated in the award agreement, and subject to the conditions of the 2025 Plan, awards vest and become exercisable under the following schedule: 25% of the shares covered by the award, on the first anniversary of the vesting commencement date determined by the administrator (and in the absence of such determination, the date on which such award was granted), and 6.25% of the shares covered by the award at the end of each subsequent three-month period thereafter over the course of the following three years; provided that the grantee remains continuously as an employee or provides services to the Company throughout such vesting dates. The exercise period of an award will be ten years from the date of grant of the award, unless otherwise determined by the administrator and stated in the award agreement.

Termination of Employment. In the event of termination of a grantee’s employment or service with the Company or any of its affiliates (including by reason of death, disability or retirement), different rules apply as to the length of time during which all vested and exercisable awards held by such grantee as of the date of termination may be exercised after such date of termination. In the case of termination due to death during employment or service for the Company or any of its affiliates, or within the three month period (or such longer period of time as determined by the Board, in its discretion) after the date of termination, any outstanding awards shall automatically vest (to the extent not yet vested).

Any awards which are unvested as of the date of such termination (other than in the case of death, as described above) or which are vested but not then exercised within the applicable period following such date, will terminate and the shares covered by such awards shall again be available for issuance under the 2025 Plan.

Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, if a grantee’s employment or services with us or any of our affiliates is terminated for “cause” (as defined in the 2025 Plan), all outstanding awards held by such grantee (whether vested or unvested) will terminate on the date of such termination and the shares covered by such awards shall again be available for issuance under the 2025 Plan. In the case of termination for cause, any shares issued upon exercise or (if applicable) vesting of awards, shall be deemed to be irrevocably offered for sale to us.

Adjustments due to Transactions. The 2025 Plan provides for appropriate adjustments to be made to the plan and to outstanding awards under the plan in the event of a share split, reverse share split, share dividend, distribution, recapitalization, combination, reclassification of our shares, or any similar recapitalization events.

In the event of any type of merger, consolidation, similar transaction with or into another corporation, exchange of shares, a business combination, a reorganization, a spin-off or other corporate divestiture or division, or other similar occurrences, any adjustments as determined by the compensation committee may be made without the need for a consent of any holder of an award.

With respect to the distribution of a cash dividend to all holders of ordinary shares, the compensation committee shall have the authority to determine, without award holder consent, that the exercise price of any award that is outstanding and unexercised on the record date of such distribution, shall be reduced by an amount equal to the per share gross dividend amount distributed by us. The compensation committee may determine that the exercise price following such reduction shall be not less than the par value of a share. The approval of our shareholders will need to be obtained for that reduction in exercise price.

In the event of a sale of all, or substantially all, of our ordinary shares or assets, a merger, consolidation amalgamation, or similar transaction, or certain changes in the composition of the board of directors, or liquidation or dissolution, or such other transaction or circumstances that the Board determines to be a relevant transaction, then the compensation committee shall make determinations with respect to the treatment of awards as it deems appropriate.

Amendment and Termination. The board may suspend, terminate, modify or amend the 2025 Plan at any time; provided that no termination or amendment of the 2025 Plan shall affect any then outstanding award unless expressly provided by the board. Shareholder approval of any amendment to the 2025 Plan will be obtained to the extent necessary to comply with applicable law. The administrator at any time and from time to time may modify or amend any award theretofore granted under the 2025 Plan, including any award agreement, whether retroactively or prospectively.

Total Dilution Under Share Incentive Plans

The following table presents equity incentive data for our Company on a prospective basis, as of the effectiveness of the 2025 Plan (and not including ordinary shares issuable under the ESPP, as described below):

Employee Share Purchase Plan

We have adopted an employee share purchase plan, or ESPP, pursuant to which our employees and employees of our subsidiaries may elect to have payroll deductions (or, when not allowed under local laws or regulations, another form of payment) made on each pay day during the offering period in an amount not exceeding 15% of the compensation which the employees receive on each pay day during the offering period. To date, we have not granted employees the right to make purchases under the plan. The number of shares initially reserved for purchase under the ESPP was 242,425 ordinary shares, which was to be automatically increased annually on January 1 by a number of ordinary shares equal to the least of (i) 1% of the total number of shares outstanding on December 31 of the immediately preceding calendar year, (ii) an amount determined by our board of directors, if so determined prior to January 1 of the year on which the increase will occur, and (iii) 655,310 shares.

The ESPP is to be administered by our board of directors or by a committee designated by the board of directors. Subject to those rights which are reserved to the board of directors or which require shareholder approval under Israeli law, our board of directors has designated the compensation committee to administer the ESPP. To the extent that we grant employees the right to make purchases under the ESPP, on the first day of each offering period, each participating employee will be granted an option to purchase on the exercise date of such offering period up to a number of our ordinary shares determined by dividing (1) the employee’s payroll deductions accumulated prior to such exercise date and retained in the employee’s account as of the exercise date by (2) the applicable purchase price. The applicable purchase price is to be based on a discount percentage of up to 15%, which percentage may be decreased by the board or the compensation committee, multiplied by the lesser of (1) the fair market value of an ordinary share on the exercise date, or (2) the fair market value of an ordinary share on the offering date.

To date, we have not implemented or enabled purchases of ordinary shares by our employees under our ESPP.

C. Board Practices

Board of Directors

Under the Companies Law, the management of our business is vested in our board of directors. Our board of directors may exercise all powers and may take all actions that are not specifically granted to our shareholders or to management. Our executive officers are responsible for our day-to-day management and have individual responsibilities established by our board of directors. Our Chief Executive Officer is appointed by, and serves at the discretion of, our board of directors, subject to the employment agreement that we have entered into with him. All other executive officers are also appointed by our board of directors and are subject to the terms of any applicable employment agreements that we may enter into with them.

Under our articles, our board of directors must consist of at least five and not more than nine directors, including, to the extent applicable, at least two external directors who may be required to be appointed under the Companies Law. As of the date of this report, our board of directors consists of seven directors. Our directors are divided into three classes with staggered three-year terms. Each class of directors consists, as nearly as possible, of one-third of the total number of directors constituting the entire board of directors (other than the external directors, to the extent applicable). At each annual general meeting of our shareholders, the election or re-election of directors following the expiration of the term of office of the directors of that class of directors is for a term of office that expires on the third annual general meeting following such election or re-election, such that at each annual general meeting the term of office of only one class of directors expires. Each director will hold office until the annual general meeting of our shareholders in which his or her term expires, unless he or she is removed by a vote of 65% of the total voting power of our shareholders at a general meeting of our shareholders or upon the occurrence of certain events, in accordance with the Companies Law and our articles.

In August 2019, we elected to be governed by an exemption under the Companies Law regulations that exempts us from appointing external directors and from complying with the Companies Law requirements related to the composition of the audit committee and compensation committee of our board of directors. Our eligibility for that exemption is conditioned upon: (i) the continued listing of our ordinary shares on the Nasdaq Stock Market (or one of a few select other non-Israeli stock exchanges); (ii) there not being a controlling shareholder (generally understood in this context to be a 25% or greater shareholder) of our company under the Companies Law; and (iii) our compliance with the Nasdaq Listing Rules requirements as to the composition of (a) our board of directors-which requires that we maintain a majority of independent directors (as defined under the Nasdaq Listing Rules) on our board of directors and (b) the audit and compensation committees of our board of directors (which require that such committees consist solely of independent directors (at least three and two members, respectively), as described under the Nasdaq Listing Rules). At the time that it determined to exempt our company from the external director requirement, our board affirmatively determined that we meet the conditions for exemption from the external director requirement, including that a majority of the members of our board, along with each of the members of the audit and compensation committees of the board, are independent under the Nasdaq Listing Rules.

As a result of our election to be exempt from the external director requirement under the Companies Law, each of our directors (including our two directors who formerly served as external directors) is now assigned to one of the three, staggered classes of our board of directors, as follows:

Our board of directors has determined that six of our directors, consisting of Yuval Cohen, Ofer Ben-Zur, Stephen Nigro, Dov Ofer, Gabi Seligsohn and Naama Halevi Davidov, constituting a majority of the members of the board, are independent under the rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market. The definition of independent director under the Nasdaq Stock Market rules specifies criteria whose aim is to ensure that there is no factor that would impair the ability of the independent director to exercise independent judgment, and furthermore requires that the board of directors affirmatively determine that the independent director can exercise independent judgment.

Under the Companies Law and our articles, besides nominees who are chosen by our board of directors, nominees for director may also be proposed by any shareholder holding at least 1% of our outstanding voting power. However, any such shareholder may propose a nominee only if a written notice of such shareholder’s intent to propose a nominee has been given to our Secretary (or, if we have no such Secretary, our Chief Executive Officer) within seven days following our publication of notice of an upcoming annual shareholder meeting (or within 14 days after we publish a preliminary notification of an upcoming annual shareholder meeting). Any such shareholder nomination must include certain information, including, among other things, a description of all arrangements between the nominating shareholder and the proposed director nominee(s) and any other person pursuant to which the nomination(s) are to be made by the nominating shareholder, the consent of the proposed director nominee(s) to serve as our director(s) if elected and a declaration signed by the nominee(s) declaring that there is no limitation under the Companies Law preventing their election, and that all of the information that is required under the Companies Law to be provided to us in connection with such election has been provided.

In addition, our articles allow our board of directors to appoint directors to fill vacancies on our board of directors for a term of office equal to the remaining period of the term of office of the director(s) whose office(s) have been vacated. When we are subject to, or choose to be bound by, the requirement to elect external directors, they are elected for an initial term of three years and may be elected for additional three-year terms under the circumstances described below.

Under the Companies Law, our board of directors must determine the minimum number of directors who are required to have accounting and financial expertise. In determining the number of directors required to have such expertise, our board of directors must consider, among other things, the type and size of the company and the scope and complexity of its operations. Our board of directors has determined that the minimum number of directors of our company who are required to have accounting and financial expertise is one.

External Directors

Under the Companies Law, the boards of directors of companies whose shares are publicly traded, including companies with shares traded in the United States, are generally required to include at least two members who qualify as external directors. In August 2019, we elected to be governed by the exemption from maintaining external directors on our board under the Companies Law (as described above).

Our election to exempt our company from compliance with the external director requirement can be reversed at any time by our board of directors, in which case we would need to hold a shareholder meeting to once again appoint external directors, whose election would be for a three-year term. The election of each external director would require approval by a majority vote of the shares present and voting at a meeting of shareholders, provided that either:

The term “controlling shareholder” as used in the Companies Law for purposes of all matters related to external directors and for certain other purposes (such as the requirements related to appointment to the audit committee or compensation committee, as described below), means a shareholder with the ability to direct the activities of the company, other than by virtue of being an office holder. A shareholder is presumed to be a controlling shareholder if the shareholder holds 50% or more of the voting rights in a company or has the right to appoint the majority of the directors of the company or its general manager (chief executive officer).

For further information concerning the Companies Law provisions related to external directors, please see “ITEM 6. Directors, Senior Management and Employees - C. Board Practices - Board of Directors - External Directors” in our annual report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2018, which we filed with the SEC on March 26, 2019.

Leadership Structure of the Board

In accordance with the Companies Law and our articles, our board of directors is required to appoint one of its members to serve as chairman of the board of directors. Our board of directors has appointed Yuval Cohen to serve as chairman of the board of directors.

Board Committees

Audit Committee

Our audit committee consists of three members: Naama Halevi Davidov (Chairperson), Dov Ofer, and Stephen Nigro.

Companies Law Requirements

Under the Companies Law, we are required to appoint an audit committee. The audit committee must be comprised of at least three directors. To the extent a company is required to appoint external directors, this committee must include all of the external directors, one of whom must serve as chairman of the committee. There are additional requirements as to the composition of the audit committee under the Companies Law. However, when we elected to exempt our company from the external director requirement, we concurrently elected to exempt our company from all of such requirements (which exemption is conditioned on our fulfillment of all Nasdaq listing requirements related to the composition of the audit committee).

Nasdaq Listing Requirements

Under Nasdaq corporate governance rules, we are required to maintain an audit committee consisting of at least three independent directors, each of whom is financially literate and one of whom has accounting or related financial management expertise.

All members of our audit committee meet the requirements for financial literacy under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and Nasdaq corporate governance rules. Our board of directors has determined that Dov Ofer qualifies as an audit committee financial expert, as defined by the SEC rules, and has the requisite financial experience, as defined by the Nasdaq corporate governance rules.

Each of the members of our audit committee is “independent” as such term is defined in Rule 10A-3(b)(1) under the Exchange Act and satisfies the independent director requirements under the Nasdaq Stock Market rules.

Audit Committee Role

Our board of directors has adopted an audit committee charter that sets forth the responsibilities of the audit committee consistent with the rules and regulations of the SEC and the listing requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market, as well as the requirements for such committee under the Companies Law, including the following:

Our audit committee provides assistance to our board of directors in fulfilling its legal and fiduciary obligations in matters involving our accounting, auditing, financial reporting, internal control and legal compliance functions by pre-approving the services performed by our independent accountants and reviewing their reports regarding our accounting practices and systems of internal control over financial reporting. Our audit committee also oversees the audit efforts of our independent accountants and takes those actions that it deems necessary to satisfy itself that the accountants are independent of management.

Under the Companies Law, our audit committee is responsible for:

As part of its capacity in overseeing risk management activities and monitoring management’s policies and procedures, our audit committee also plays a significant strategic role in coordinating our cyber risk initiatives and policies and confirming their efficacy.

Compensation Committee and Compensation Policy

Our compensation committee consists of three members: Dov Ofer (Chairman), Stephen Nigro and Gabi Seligsohn.

Companies Law Requirements

Under the Companies Law, the board of directors of a public company must appoint a compensation committee. To the extent a company is required to appoint external directors, the compensation committee must be comprised of at least three directors, including all of the external directors, who must constitute a majority of the members of, and include the chairman of, the compensation committee. There are additional requirements as to the composition of the compensation committee under the Companies Law. However, when we elected to exempt our company from the external director requirement, we concurrently elected to exempt our company from all of such requirements (including the three-member minimum). Our exemption under the Companies Law is conditioned on our fulfillment of all Nasdaq listing requirements related to the composition of the compensation committee.

The duties of the compensation committee include the recommendation to the company’s board of directors of a policy regarding the terms of engagement of office holders, to which we refer as a compensation policy. That policy must be adopted by the company’s board of directors, after considering the recommendations of the compensation committee, and must be brought for approval by the company’s shareholders, which approval requires what we refer to as a Special Approval for Compensation. A Special Approval for Compensation requires shareholder approval by a majority vote of the shares present and voting at a meeting of shareholders called for such purpose, provided that either: (a) such majority includes at least a majority of the shares held by all shareholders who are not controlling shareholders and do not have a personal interest in such compensation arrangement; or (b) the total number of shares of non-controlling shareholders who do not have a personal interest in the compensation arrangement and who vote against the arrangement does not exceed 2% of the company’s aggregate voting rights.

The compensation policy must serve as the basis for decisions concerning the financial terms of employment or engagement of office holders, including exculpation, insurance, indemnification or any monetary payment, obligation of payment or other benefit in respect of employment or engagement. The compensation policy must relate to certain factors, including advancement of the company’s objectives, the company’s business plan and its long-term strategy, and creation of appropriate incentives for office holders. It must also consider, among other things, the company’s risk management, size and the nature of its operations. The compensation policy must include certain principles, such as: a link between variable compensation and long-term performance and measurable criteria; the relationship between variable and fixed compensation; and the minimum holding or vesting period for variable, equity-based compensation.

The compensation committee is responsible for (a) recommending the compensation policy to a company’s board of directors for its approval (and subsequent approval by its shareholders) and (b) duties related to the compensation policy and to the compensation of a company’s office holders, as well as functions with respect to matters related to approval of the terms of engagement of office holders, including:

Consistent with the foregoing requirements, following the recommendation of our compensation committee, our board and our shareholders last approved our updated compensation policy in July 2023 and August 2023, respectively. Following those approvals, the compensation policy (in updated form, if applicable) will need to be recommended by the compensation committee and presented for the approval of the board and shareholders, every three years, in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Law.

Nasdaq Listing Requirements

Under Nasdaq corporate governance rules, we are required to maintain a compensation committee consisting of at least two independent directors. Each of the members of the compensation committee is required to be independent under Nasdaq rules relating to compensation committee members, which are different from the general test for independence of board and committee members. Each of the members of our compensation committee satisfies those requirements.

Compensation Committee Role

Our board of directors has adopted a compensation committee charter that sets forth the responsibilities of the compensation committee, which include:

ESG

Our board is responsible for formulating policy, devising strategy, and ensuring governed execution concerning all ESG matters.

With respect to oversight of ESG-related risks and opportunities, the board may assign responsibility for oversight of matters most applicable to representatives of middle and senior management to relevant departments of our company.

Compensation of Directors

Under the Companies Law, compensation of directors requires the approval of a company’s compensation committee, the subsequent approval of the board of directors and, unless exempted under the regulations promulgated under the Companies Law, the approval of the shareholders at a general meeting. Where the director is also a controlling shareholder, the requirements for approval of transactions with controlling shareholders apply, as described below under “Disclosure of Personal Interests of a Controlling Shareholder and Approval of Certain Transactions.”

For information regarding the current compensation package that is paid to our non-employee directors, see “B. Compensation-Director Compensation” in this ITEM 6. Our directors are also entitled to be paid reasonable travel, hotel and other expenses expended by them in attending board meetings and performing their functions as directors of the company, all of which is to be determined by the board of directors.

External directors (when we are required to have them serving on our board of directors) are entitled to remuneration subject to the provisions and limitations set forth in the regulations promulgated under the Companies Law.

Internal Auditor

Under the Companies Law, the board of directors of an Israeli public company must appoint an internal auditor recommended by the audit committee. An internal auditor may not be:

The role of the internal auditor is to examine, among other things, our compliance with applicable law and orderly business procedures. The audit committee is required to oversee the activities and to assess the performance of the internal auditor as well as to review the internal auditor’s work plan. Hila Barr - Hoisman of Brightman Almagor & Zohar (Deloitte) serves as our internal auditor.

Approval of Related Party Transactions Under Israeli Law

Fiduciary Duties of Directors and Executive Officers

The Companies Law codifies the fiduciary duties that office holders owe to a company. Each person listed in the table under “Directors and Senior Management” is an office holder of our company under the Companies Law.

An office holder’s fiduciary duties consist of a duty of care and a duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires an office holder to act with the level of care with which a reasonable office holder in the same position would have acted under the same circumstances. The duty of loyalty requires that an office holder act in good faith and in the best interests of the company.

The duty of care includes a duty to use reasonable means to obtain:

The duty of loyalty includes a duty to:

Disclosure of Personal Interests of an Office Holder and Approval of Certain Transactions

The Companies Law requires that an office holder promptly disclose to the board of directors any conflict of interest (referred to under the Companies Law as a “personal interest”) that he or she may be aware of and all related material information or documents concerning any existing or proposed transaction with the company. An interested office holder’s disclosure must be made promptly and, in any event, no later than the first meeting of the board of directors at which the transaction is considered. A personal interest includes an interest of any person in an act or transaction of a company, including a personal interest of such person’s relative or of a corporate body in which such person or a relative of such person is a 5% or greater shareholder, director or general manager (i.e., chief executive officer) or in which he or she has the right to appoint at least one director or the general manager, but excluding a personal interest stemming from one’s ownership of shares in the company.

A personal interest furthermore includes the personal interest of a person for whom the office holder holds a voting proxy or the personal interest of the office holder with respect to his or her vote on behalf of a person for whom he or she holds a proxy even if such shareholder has no personal interest in the matter. An office holder is not, however, obliged to disclose a personal interest if it derives solely from the personal interest of his or her relative in a transaction that is not considered an extraordinary transaction. Under the Companies Law, an extraordinary transaction is defined as any of the following:

If it is determined that an office holder has a personal interest in a transaction which is not an extraordinary transaction, approval by the board of directors is required for the transaction, unless the company’s articles of association provide for a different method of approval. Further, so long as an office holder has disclosed his or her personal interest in a transaction, the board of directors may approve an action by the office holder that would otherwise be deemed a breach of his or her duty of loyalty. However, a company may not approve a transaction or action that is not in the best interests of the company or that is not performed by the office holder in good faith. An extraordinary transaction in which an office holder has a personal interest requires approval first by the company’s audit committee and subsequently by the board of directors. The compensation of, or an undertaking to indemnify or insure, an office holder who is not a director requires approval first by the company’s compensation committee, then by the company’s board of directors. If such compensation arrangement or an undertaking to indemnify or insure is inconsistent with the company’s stated compensation policy, or if the office holder is the chief executive officer (apart from a number of specific exceptions), then such arrangement is further subject to a Special Approval for Compensation. Arrangements regarding the compensation, indemnification or insurance of a director require the approval of the compensation committee, board of directors and shareholders by ordinary majority, in that order, and under certain circumstances, a Special Approval for Compensation.

Generally, a person who has a personal interest in a matter which is considered at a meeting of the board of directors or the audit or compensation committees may not be present at such a meeting or vote on that matter unless the chairman of the relevant committee or board of directors (as applicable) determines that he or she should be present in order to present the transaction that is subject to approval. If a majority of the members of the board committee or the board of directors (as applicable) has a personal interest in the approval of a transaction, then all directors may participate in discussions of the committee or the board of directors (as applicable) on such transaction and the voting on approval thereof, but shareholder approval is also required for such transaction.

Disclosure of Personal Interests of Controlling Shareholders and Approval of Certain Transactions

Pursuant to Israeli law, the disclosure requirements regarding personal interests that apply to directors and executive officers also apply to a controlling shareholder of a public company. The Companies Law provides a broader definition of a controlling shareholder solely with respect to the provisions pertaining to related party transactions. For such purposes, a controlling shareholder is a shareholder that has the ability to direct the activities of a company, including by holding 50% or more of the voting rights in a company or by having the right to appoint the majority of the directors of the company or its general manager (chief executive officer), and furthermore, by holding 25% or more of the voting rights if no other shareholder holds more than 50% of the voting rights. For this purpose, the holdings of all shareholders who have a personal interest in the same transaction will be aggregated. An extraordinary transaction between a public company and a controlling shareholder or in which a controlling shareholder has a personal interest and the terms of any compensation arrangement of a controlling shareholder who is an office holder or his relative, require the approval of a company’s audit committee (or compensation committee with respect to compensation arrangements), board of directors and shareholders, in that order. In addition, the shareholder approval must fulfil one of the following requirements:

To the extent that any such transaction with a controlling shareholder is for a period extending beyond three years, approval is required once every three years, unless, with respect to certain transactions, the audit committee determines that the duration of the transaction is reasonable given the circumstances related thereto.

Arrangements regarding the compensation, indemnification or insurance of a controlling shareholder in his or her capacity as an office holder require the approval of the compensation committee, board of directors and shareholders by a Special Majority, in that order, and the terms thereof may not be inconsistent with the company’s stated compensation policy.

Pursuant to regulations promulgated under the Companies Law, certain transactions with a controlling shareholder or his or her relative, with directors, or with the chief executive officer, that would otherwise require approval of a company’s shareholders may be exempt from shareholder approval upon certain determinations of the audit committee or compensation committee (as applicable), and the board of directors.

Shareholder Duties

Pursuant to the Companies Law, a shareholder has a duty to act in good faith and in a customary manner toward the company and other shareholders and to refrain from abusing his or her power in the company, including, among other things, in voting at a general meeting and at shareholder class meetings with respect to the following matters:

A shareholder also has a general duty to refrain from discriminating against other shareholders.

In addition, certain shareholders have a duty of fairness toward the company. These shareholders include any controlling shareholder, any shareholder who knows that he or she has the power to determine the outcome of a shareholder vote and any shareholder who has the power to appoint or to prevent the appointment of an office holder of the company or other power towards the company. The Companies Law does not define the substance of the duty of fairness, except to state that the remedies generally available upon a breach of contract will also apply in the event of a breach of the duty to act with fairness.

Exculpation, Insurance and Indemnification of Directors and Officers

Under the Companies Law, a company may not exculpate an office holder from liability for a breach of the duty of loyalty. An Israeli company may exculpate an office holder in advance from liability to the company, in whole or in part, for damages caused to the company as a result of a breach of duty of care but only if a provision authorizing such exculpation is included in its articles of association. Our articles include such a provision. A company may not exculpate in advance a director from liability arising out of a prohibited dividend or distribution to shareholders.