UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM SD

SPECIALIZED DISCLOSURE REPORT

 

 

Kornit Digital Ltd.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Israel    001-36903   Not Applicable
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (Commission file number)   (IRS Employer
Identification No.)

  

12 Ha’Amal St., Afek Park, Rosh-Ha’Ayin   4809246
(Address of principal executive offices)    (Zip code)

 

Alon Rozner, Chief Financial Officer, +97235148777

(Name and telephone number, including area code, of the person to contact in connection with this report)

 

Check the appropriate box to indicate the rule pursuant to which this form is being filed:

 

☒ Rule 13p-1 under the Securities Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13p-1) for the reporting period from January 1 to December 31, 2021.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Section 1- Conflict Minerals Disclosures

 

Item 1.01 Conflict Minerals Disclosure and Report

 

A copy of the Conflict Minerals Report of Kornit Digital Ltd. (the “Company”) is provided as Exhibit 1.01 to this Form SD and is publicly available at: http://www.kornit.com/conflict-minerals-policy/

 

The foregoing website is referenced for general information only; the contents thereof are not incorporated by reference in this Form SD.

 

Item 1.02 Exhibit

 

The Company has filed its Conflict Minerals Report as Exhibit 1.01 hereto as required by Item 1.01 of Form SD.

 

Section 2 – Resource Extraction Issuer Disclosure

 

Item 2.01 Resource Extraction Issuer Disclosure and Report

 

Not applicable.

 

Section 3- Exhibits

 

Item 3.01 Exhibits

 

Exhibit 1.01 -  Conflict Minerals Report is attached per Section 1 of this Form.

 

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SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the duly authorized undersigned.

 

  Kornit Digital Ltd.
  (Registrant)
     
  By: /s/ Alon Rozner
  Name:  Alon Rozner
  Title: Chief Financial Officer
     
  Date: May 26, 2022

 

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Exhibit 1.01

 

Conflict Minerals Report of Kornit Digital Ltd.

 

Introduction

 

Kornit Digital Ltd. (“Kornit,” “we,” the “Company” or “our company”) develops, designs and markets innovative digital printing solutions for the global printed textile industry, with a major focus on the fashion, apparel and home décor segments of the industry.

 

Our vision is to create a better world where everybody can bond, design and express their identities, one impression at a time.

 

Our mission is to revolutionize the fast-changing industry by facilitating and expediting the transition from analog processes that have not evolved for decades and are not fit for the rapidly changing business models and self-disruption needs of the industry, to digital methods of garment, apparel and home decor finished goods production and decoration that address the contemporary supply, demand, social and environmental needs of the industry in which we operate.

 

We focus on the rapidly growing high throughput, direct-to-garment, or DTG, and Direct-to-Fabric, or DTF, segments of the printed and decorated textile industry. Our solutions include our proprietary digital printing systems, ink and other consumables, associated software and value-added services that allow for quality and cost-effective large-scale printing of short runs of complex images and designs directly on finished garments and fabrics. Our solutions address the growing production gaps reflected in the need to shift to shorter runs, proximity production, proximity decoration, partial or full on-demand production, and microfactory models by enabling our customers to print and decorate high quality products in a time efficient, cost-effective and environmentally-friendly manner. This allows textile manufacturers to transition from their traditional business and operating models of supply based on demand predictions, to partial or full on demand or made-to-order models, by which decoration of fabric and production of finished goods only takes place once a customer order has been issued.

 

Our solutions are differentiated from other digital methods of production because they eliminate the need to pretreat fabrics prior to printing, thereby offering our customers the ability to digitally print high quality images and designs on a variety of fabrics in a streamlined and environmentally-friendly manner. When compared to analog methods of production, our solutions also significantly reduce production lead times and enable customers to more efficiently and cost-effectively produce smaller quantities of individually printed designs, thereby mitigating the risk of excess inventory, which is a significant challenge for the industry.

 

The success of evolving omni-channel apparel retail is dependent heavily on the ability to show a large variety of designs. Since it is more and more difficult to predict consumer preferences and demand, it is increasingly difficult to stock every possible design. Having digital capacity available allows printers, brands and retailers to offer unlimited design with minimal to no inventory risk. We believe we are well positioned to continue taking advantage of this trend.

 

Our DTG solutions utilize our patented wet-on-wet printing methodology that eliminates the common practice of separately coating and drying textiles prior to printing. This methodology also enables printing on a wide range of untreated natural, synthetic and man-made fabrics, including cotton, wool, polyester, lycra and denim. With throughputs ranging from 40 to 235 garments per hour, our entry level, industrial and mass production DTG solutions are suited to the needs of a variety of customers, from smaller industrial operators with limited budgets to mass producers with complex manufacturing requirements. Our patented NeoPigment ink and other consumables have been specially formulated to be compatible with our systems and overcome the quality-related challenges that pigment-based inks have traditionally faced when used in digital printing. Our software solutions simplify order to production workflows in the printing process, by offering a complete solution from web and traditional order intake through graphic job preparation and execution. We also offer customers maintenance and support services, as well as value-added services and application consulting, aimed at optimizing the number of impressions printed by our systems.

 

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In April 2019, we also supplemented our original DTG printing technology with our Kornit NeoPoly Technology, which is our industry’s first digital, industrial process for high-quality printing on polyester, thereby opening the large sport and athleisure market to our digital printing solutions. The new Kornit NeoPoly Technology addresses existing challenges with a new process and ink set implemented in the Kornit NeoPigmentT process. Our new process handles polyester applications without having to compromise on design, run size, substrate or labor. The breakthrough technological innovation has been achieved by an innovative ink set and a physical and chemical process specifically developed for low temperature curing, and polyester-enhancing functionalities developed to maintain fabric characteristics and provide superior fastness. This unique process overcomes dye migration on polyester. The inks are Eco-Passport certified, and do not contain PVCs or any other toxic ingredients. The first system equipped with our Kornit NeoPoly Technology is the Kornit Avalanche Poly Pro, a member of our industrial platform, which became commercially available in April 2019.

 

Building on the expertise and capabilities that we have accumulated in developing and offering differentiated solutions for the industrial DTG market, we also market an industrial digital printing solution, the Kornit Presto, which targets the on-demand DTF market. While the DTG market generally involves printing on finished garments, the DTF market is focused on printing on fabrics that are subsequently converted into finished garments, home or office décor, and other items. The Kornit Presto (like our predecessor DTF product, the Kornit Allegro) utilizes our proprietary wet-on-wet printing methodology and houses an integrated curing system. It offers the sole (following its predecessor, the Allegro) single-step, eco-friendly, stand-alone industrial DTF digital textile printing solution available on the market. We primarily market the Kornit Presto to businesses seeking horizontal or vertical expansions into fabric decoration, such as innovative web-based businesses operating on-demand business models that require a high degree of variety and limited quantity orders, as well as to fabric converters, which source large quantities of fabric and convert untreated fabrics into finished materials to be sold to garment and home décor manufacturers, and to sustainable fashion producers seeking a competitive edge in today’s changing supply chains. We believe that with the Presto we are well positioned to take advantage of the growing trend towards customized fashion, home décor and on-demand fabric printing, with increased focus on sustainable production. We began selling the Presto commercially in the second quarter of 2019 (after having introduced our initial DTF digital textile printing solution, the Kornit Allegro, four years earlier, in the second quarter of 2015).

 

Kornit Digital Ltd. was founded in 2002 in Israel, shipped its first system in 2005 and, as of December 31, 2021, had approximately 1,200 active customers globally. As of December 31, 2021, we had 882 employees located primarily across four regions: Israel, America, Europe and Asia Pacific. In the year ended December 31, 2021, we generated revenues of $322 million, representing an increase of 66.6% over the prior fiscal year. In the year ended December 31, 2021, we generated 65.6% of our revenues from the Americas region, 24.4% from the Europe, Middle East and Asia (“EMEA”) region, 7.2% from the Asia Pacific region and 2.8% from other regions.

 

Conflict Mineral Rule Overview, Scope, and Covered Products:

 

Issuers that file reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under Sections 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), must comply with Section 1502 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, which contains reporting requirements associated with conflict minerals that are necessary to the functionality or production of a product manufactured, or contracted to be manufactured, by an issuer. These reporting requirements are implemented by the SEC’s Rule 13p-1 under the Exchange Act (the “Rule”).

 

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If a registrant cannot establish with absolute certainty that the necessary conflict minerals in its products originated from sources other than the Democratic Republic of the Congo (“DRC”) or an adjoining country (the “Covered Countries”), or originate solely from recycled and/or scrap sources, the registrant must submit a specialized disclosure report under Form SD that describes the steps that the registrant took to determine the origin, or likely origin, of the necessary conflict minerals in its products or in the manufacture of its products.

 

If a registrant has reason to believe that any of the conflict minerals in its mineral supply chain may have originated in the DRC and/or a Covered Country, or if the registrant is unable to determine the absolute country of origin of those conflict minerals, then the registrant must exercise due diligence on the conflict minerals’ source and chain of custody, and the registrant must annually submit a Conflict Minerals Report to the SEC that includes a description of those due diligence measures.

 

As an SEC-registered issuer that offers products that include tin, tungsten, tantalum and gold (“Conflict Minerals”) that are necessary for the production and/or functionality of those manufactured products, we are subject to this Rule. As part of our company’s desire to take responsibility for and concern ourselves with human rights issues, we decided to review our company’s supply chain according to the EU regulation’s guidance as well, and, based on that guidance, have included conflict-affected or high-risk areas (“CAHRAs”) when approaching suppliers for information. As such, we conduct due diligence on our minerals supply chain according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas (2016) and related Supplements (the “OECD Due Diligence Guidance”). It should be noted that our company does not directly purchase or procure raw materials from the mine sites, as we are a downstream company. Instead, we (or our suppliers) purchase cassiterite, columbite-tantalite (coltan), wolframite, gold, or their derivatives, which presently are limited to tin, tantalum, tungsten, and gold (collectively “3TG”) - related materials, after processing by smelters or refiners.

 

Kornit is committed to responsible sourcing practices and ensuring that it does not benefit, directly or indirectly, from the propagation of armed conflict or human rights abuses in areas of conflict, such as the CAHARAs. The goal of the due diligence process is not to eliminate sourcing from the CAHARAs, but rather to ascertain, to our best possible knowledge and per the requirements of the Rule, the most reasonable country of origin of the necessary conflict minerals, which were necessary to the functionality or production of our products manufactured or contracted to manufacture in 2021, as detailed in the reasonable country of origin inquiry (“RCOI”) section below.

 

Reasonable Country of Origin Inquiry (RCOI)

 

Kornit is committed to ethical practices and compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. We are committed to working with our customers and suppliers to responsibly source the materials and components that we use to manufacture our products that may contain the necessary conflict minerals.

 

In accordance with our Conflict Minerals Policy, which can be viewed at: http://www.kornit.com/conflict-minerals-policy/, Kornit has concluded in good faith that during the 2021 calendar year, we have manufactured and contracted to manufacture products containing all four Conflict Minerals and have determined that the use of these minerals is necessary to the functionality or production of our products.

 

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We performed an RCOI simultaneously with the due diligence phase through which we sought to determine whether the Conflict Minerals necessary for the functionality or production of our products did or did not receive a compliant or active designation from the Responsible Minerals Initiative’s (“RMI”) independent smelter and refiner validation program, i.e., the Responsible Minerals Assurance Process (“RMAP”). This was conducted simultaneously due to the large number of applicable suppliers from which we source materials that we surveyed and the timeframe in which we needed to complete both the RCOI and due diligence efforts. Our RCOI employed several methods to assess whether the necessary Conflict Minerals in our products originated, or likely originated, from CAHRAs.

 

Based on the RCOI conducted, Kornit has reason to believe that a portion of the Conflict Minerals that are necessary for the functionality of its products originated, or likely originated, in the CAHRAs, and has reason to believe that those necessary Conflict Minerals may not be from entirely recycled or scrap sources. As part of our commitment to responsible sourcing, we do not seek to eliminate the sourcing of Conflict Minerals from the CAHRAs, but rather to source the necessary minerals from sources that do not directly or indirectly finance or benefit armed groups in those locations. Based on this result, we conducted due diligence activities and have detailed those efforts in this Conflict Minerals Report.

 

Due Diligence Design of Due Diligence

 

In accordance with the Rule and Form SD, we undertook due diligence to determine whether the Conflict Minerals necessary for the functionality or production of our products, which were manufactured, or contracted to manufacture in 2021, originated from smelters or refiners (“SoRs”) that have received a compliant or active designation from the RMI’s RMAP Third Party Audit program for smelters or refiners. We designed our due diligence measures to be in conformity, in all material respects, with the internationally recognized due diligence framework as set forth in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (“OECD”) Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas (OECD, 2016) (“OECD Framework”) and related supplements for Conflict Minerals.

 

The five steps defined in the OECD Due Diligence Guidance are: (1) establishment of strong internal company management systems; (2) identification and assessment of risks in the supply chain; (3) design and implementation of a strategy to respond to risks as they are identified; (4) carrying out independent third-party audits of smelters’ and refiners’ due diligence practices; and (5) reporting annually on supply chain due diligence.

 

Due Diligence Performed

 

The due diligence measures we undertook consisted primarily of:

 

a. Establishing strong company management systems - We reviewed and maintained our management systems that had been previously established through the following actions:

 

As part of our policy, Kornit strives to only use 3TG minerals from smelters or refiners that have been audited and verified as conflict-free compliant or active by the Responsible Minerals Assurance Process (“RMAP”) and requires its suppliers to only source 3TG minerals from verified smelters or refiners. More information on our sourcing expectations of suppliers can be found in our Conflict Minerals Policy, which is available at the following link: http://www.kornit.com/conflict-minerals-policy/.

 

Updated the Conflict Minerals Governance Charter to set the Conflict Minerals annual work plan including: our steps for compliance, objectives, timelines, internal management and cross functional team (such as supplier management, engineering, finance and legal) with identified roles and responsibilities, all to support supply chain due diligence.

 

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Established a process whereby we engage with suppliers and refer them to training materials online, materials that include an overview of the relevant Conflict Minerals regulations and provide instructions on how to respond to the due diligence survey (that was based on the Conflict Minerals Reporting Template of at least version 6.01 or above).

 

Maintained a Conflict Minerals provision in our standard Terms and Conditions of Purchase to require suppliers to comply with our Conflict Minerals Policy and requirements.

 

Maintained a process whereby we communicate the due diligence efforts to customers, suppliers and other relevant functions in our organization, as applicable.

 

Maintained a grievance mechanism whereby concerns and violations of the Conflict Minerals Policy should be reported to Kornit’s Chief Financial Officer and/or Global Product Regulation and Sustainability Manager (at Nir.Gonen@kornit.com).

 

Maintain relevant records for a minimum of five years.

 

b. Identified and assessed risks in the supply chain

 

As part of our risk-based approach, we have decided to focus on electronics suppliers and manufacturers. We assessed two primary risks in our supply chain: (1) the risk of not receiving timely and accurate information from the supplier; and (2) the risk of not being able to replace a supplier while trying to move towards the goal of responsibly sourcing all of the minerals and/or materials used in our products.

 

Based on this assessment method, we segmented our suppliers into three risk levels (high, medium and low). In order to allow us to invest our risk management efforts according to the supplier level of risk, we referred to Conflict Minerals-related risks based on supplier’s characteristics, such as: the volume of spending during 2021 and the extent to which we are dependent upon any particular supplier or, conversely, the availability of alternative suppliers.

 

We sent periodic reminders to any non-responsive suppliers to provide surveys or updated responses. We have identified, to the best of our efforts, the smelters/refiners in the supply chain by conducting a supply chain survey using the Conflict Minerals Reporting Template, or CMRT, version 6.01 and above, which requests suppliers and manufactures to identify smelters or refiners and the country of origin, or likely country of origin, of the conflict minerals in the products that they supply to us. In addition, we compared smelters or refiners identified in the supply chain survey against the list of facilities that have received a compliant or active designation from the Responsible Minerals Assurance Process (“RMAP”), or other independent third-party audit programs. We documented the country of origin, or likely country of origin, information for the smelters or refiners identified in the supply chain survey as provided from the different sources, as reported in Annex 2.

 

c. Designed and implemented a strategy to respond to identified risks

 

The findings of the supply chain risk assessment and due diligence process are reported to designated members of our senior management team — our CFO, EVP Operation, General Counsel and ESG Director, Supply Chain Director and CEO, who are updated regarding major findings and/or red flags, as they arise. As part of our risk management strategy, we continue to conduct business with any flagged supplier while we investigate such supplier’s’ sourcing practices.

 

We contact suppliers whose responses are identified as incomplete, inconsistent or inaccurate. We also review supplier responses to track smelters or refiners in our supply chain that supply us with Conflict Minerals and have not received a compliant or active designation based on the RMI’s RMAP or other independent third party validation programs.

 

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We referred suppliers to training materials online that included an overview of the Rule and instructions on how to complete the Conflict Minerals Reporting Template. We also sent follow up letters to unresponsive suppliers as well as those suppliers that declared the existence of Conflict Minerals in their supply chain from the CAHRAs from uncertified smelters or refiners, according to the RMI’s Standard Smelter List that provides an indication of all of the smelters or refiners that are conformant or active according to the RMAP audit. These are suppliers that we classify as high risk.

 

Our supply chain due diligence is a dynamic process and requires on-going risk monitoring. Therefore, after implementing our risk mitigation strategy, we repeat Step 2 of the OECD guidelines to ensure effective management of risks. We have established procedures for employees, stakeholders, direct suppliers, and customers to communicate concerns about our responsible sourcing policies.

 

d. Reviewed independent third-party audit of smelter/refiner due diligence practices

 

We are a downstream company and are multiple layers removed from the smelters or refiners that directly process the minerals and mineral ores that are essential to the production or functionality of our products, i.e., the necessary Conflict Minerals. Our constitution as a downstream company means that we do not directly perform audits of the smelters or refiners in its mineral supply chain. As a result, our due diligence efforts relied on reviewing information on the status of smelters or refiners participating in Third Party Audit programs and cross-industry initiatives, such as those led by the RMI’s RMAP.

 

e. Prepared an annual report on supply chain due diligence

 

Kornit’s Conflict Mineral Policy states that we will comply with Section 1502 of the Dodd Frank Act, which includes filing a Form SD and this Conflict Minerals report with the SEC annually and posting such report publicly on our website at:

https://ir.kornit.com/financial-information/sec-filings?items_per_page=10&page=2 .. We have included such report on our website for the calendar year of 2021.

 

Results of Assessment

 

We conducted a supply-chain survey of the 264 direct suppliers and manufacturers that we identified as contributing the necessary conflict minerals to our products. Based on the survey, we are unable to determine with any level of certainty as to whether or not the Conflict Minerals used in our products may or may not have directly or indirectly financed armed groups in the CAHRAs. The overall response rate to our survey -- i.e., suppliers who delivered completed CMRTs-- was approximately 70.08%, (185 of 284 total suppliers), which responses contained the names and locations of smelters or refiners (see Annex 1) and the reasonable countries of origin see (Annex 2) that process Conflict Minerals. This response rate reflects an improvement relative to the response rate for the 2020 year (59.74%), evidencing an improved due diligence effort on our behalf in obtaining information from our suppliers and manufacturers as a means of mitigating the risk that the necessary Conflict Minerals in our products benefit armed groups.

 

Of this response rate (i.e., the 70.08% of suppliers that responded to the supply chain inquiry in 2021):

 

3.78% suppliers were classified as “DRC conflict free” – (7 of 185 responding suppliers)
   
12.97% suppliers were classified as “Free no 3TG” – (24 of 185 responding suppliers)
   
9.19% suppliers were classified as “Undefined from DRC” – (17 of 185 responding suppliers)
   
8.11% suppliers were classified as “Undetermined not from DRC”– (15 of 185 responding suppliers)
   
65.41% suppliers were classified as “Undetermined from DRC” – (121 of 185 responding suppliers)
   
0.54% suppliers were classified as “Not from DRC” – (1 of 185 responding suppliers)

 

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Status  2021   2020 
Completed CMRT   70.08%   59.74%
DRC conflict free   3.78%   3.90%
Free no 3TG   12.97%   19.35%
Undefined from DRC   9.19%   11.00%
Undetermined not from DRC   8.11%   5.53%
Undetermined from DRC   65.41%   60.22%
Not from DRC   0.54%   0.00%

 

 

The terms above have the following meaning as part of our due diligence efforts:

 

DRC conflict free” indicates the suppliers that reported that the Conflict Minerals being used in the products provided to Kornit originate from the DRC or the Covered Countries, but the smelters or refiners are approved by the RMI RMAP Program (“Responsible Minerals Assurance Process”).

 

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Free no 3TG” indicates the suppliers that reported that Conflict Minerals are not contained in the product, nor are they necessary for the functionality or included in the production of the products provided to Kornit.

 

Undefined from DRC” indicates the suppliers that reported the Conflict Minerals being used in the products provided to Kornit originate, or likely originate from the DRC or the Covered Countries. The smelters or refiners are not approved by the RMI’s RMAP.

 

Undetermined not from DRC” indicates the suppliers that reported the Conflict Minerals being used in the products do not originate from the DRC or the Covered Countries, but that they have not yet concluded their due diligence process so this determination could potentially change. Due diligence for these in scope suppliers will continue until the status changes or is confirmed.

 

Undetermined from DRC” indicates the suppliers that reported that the Conflict Minerals being used in the products provided to Kornit originate, or likely originate, in the DRC or the Covered Countries and the smelters or refiners are approved by the RMI RMAP program, but they have not yet concluded their due diligence process, so this determination can potentially change. Due diligence for these in-scope suppliers will continue until the status changes or is confirmed.

 

Not from DRC” indicates the suppliers that reported sourcing Conflict Minerals, but from countries other than the DRC or the Covered Countries.

 

We cannot assert with any level of certainty that our conclusions regarding the source, or likely source, and chain of custody of the necessary conflict minerals is accurate because we rely exclusively on information provided by our direct suppliers. In this regard, we have made reasonable inquiries in an effort to verify and assess the information provided based on the conclusions of an independent third-party audit program, i.e., the RMI’s RMAP validation program for smelters or refiners, or other relevant Third Party Audit bodies.

 

Despite the fact that some suppliers indicated that they source from the CAHRAs, these suppliers were unable to accurately report the specific smelters and/or refiners that were part of the supply chain for the components that were sold and which are necessary to the production and/or functionality of our products in 2021. Based on the lack of complete information from our suppliers, we are unable to determine with any level of certainty as to the complete list of facilities used to process those necessary Conflict Minerals, or their country of origin, and to conclude whether or not the Conflict Minerals used in our products may or may not have directly or indirectly financed armed groups in the CAHRAs. Our efforts to determine the mine(s) or location of origin included the use of the due diligence measures described above.

 

Smelters or refiners verified as conflict free or in the audit process:

 

Tin  57 of 75 (68.67%) - (51 compliant and 6 active smelters or refiners)
Tantalum  35 of 38 (92.11%) - (35 compliant and 0 active smelters or refiners)
Tungsten  46 of 51 (90.20%) - (42 compliant and 4 active smelters or refiners)
Gold  109 of 173 (61.27%) - (99 compliant and 7 active smelters or refiners)
Total  244 of 337 (72.40%) - (227 compliant and 17 active smelters or refiners)

 

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Smelters or refiners: 2020-2021

 

Status   2021    2020 
Verified Conflict Free   

227 (67.36

%)   230 (74.67%)
Participating in an audit process   

17 (5.04

%)   11 (3.57%)
Not Participating   

93 (27.60

%)   67 (21.75%)
Total    337 (100%)    308 (100%)

 

Additional Risk Factors

 

The statements above are based on the RCOI process and supply due diligence that we in good faith conducted for 2021. These statements are based on the information available at the time of the writing and publication of this report. A number of factors could introduce errors or otherwise may affect our conclusions.

 

These factors include, but are not limited to, gaps in product or product content information, gaps in supplier data, errors and/or omissions by suppliers, confusion over requirements of the Rule, gaps in supplier education and knowledge, lack of timeliness of data, public information not discovered through a reasonable search, errors in public data, language barriers and translation, supplier unfamiliarity with the Rule, conflict-area sourced materials declared secondary materials, companies that went out of business in 2021, and smuggling of Conflict Minerals to countries beyond the CAHRAs.

 

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We do not collect information from our suppliers on a continuous and real-time basis. Instead, we only collect such information in the context of the CMRTs provided by the suppliers at the time of the publication of this report. We cannot be certain about our conclusions regarding the source and chain of custody of the necessary Conflict Minerals as such information comes from direct suppliers, though we do verify their declarations against the conclusions of independent third-party audit programs, such as the RMI’s RMAP program.

 

Continuous improvement efforts to mitigate risk

 

We will continue working with our global supply chain in an effort to achieve responsible sourcing and compliance with international regulations, including through the following actions:

 

Continue to conduct and report annually on supply chain due diligence for the applicable Conflict Minerals, as required by the Rule.

 

Work with suppliers that did not respond to our 2021 survey to help them understand the importance of this initiative to Kornit and to encourage their participation in the 2022 survey.

 

Attempt to validate supplier responses using information collected via independent, conflict-free smelter validation programs such as the Responsible Minerals Initiative’s (RMI) RMAP smelter or refiner validation program.

 

Send follow up letters to high-risk unresponsive suppliers, and to suppliers with Conflict Minerals from the DRC and the CAHRAs from uncertified smelters.

 

Continue to implement our CM policy.

 

Enhance use of tools for improved supplier responses.

 

Continue to include or attempt to include a conflict minerals flow-down clause in new or renewed supplier contracts.

 

Request suppliers to procure materials through validated smelters or refiners pursuant to the RMI or other approved resources and request suppliers to take mitigating actions in case they do not.

 

Establishing a Conflict Minerals company procedure.

 

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Annex 1

 

Reported Names and Locations of Smelters or Refiners

 

Metal  Smelter Name  Country
Gold  8853 S.p.A.  ITALY
Gold  Abington Reldan Metals, LLC  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold  Advanced Chemical Company  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold  African Gold Refinery  UGANDA
Gold  Western Australian Mint (T/a The Perth Mint)  AUSTRALIA
Gold  Western Australian Mint (T/a The Perth Mint)  AUSTRALIA
Gold  Aida Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  Dowa  JAPAN
Gold  Al Etihad Gold Refinery DMCC  UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Gold  Al Etihad Gold Refinery DMCC  UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Gold  Alexy Metals  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold  Allgemeine Gold-und Silberscheideanstalt A.G.  GERMANY
Gold  Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Complex (AMMC)  UZBEKISTAN
Gold  Asahi Pretec Corp.  JAPAN
Gold  AngloGold Ashanti Corrego do Sitio Mineracao  BRAZIL
Gold  AngloGold Ashanti Corrego do Sitio Mineracao  BRAZIL
Gold  AngloGold Ashanti Corrego do Sitio Mineracao  BRAZIL
Gold  Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Western Australian Mint (T/a The Perth Mint)  AUSTRALIA
Gold  Western Australian Mint (T/a The Perth Mint)  AUSTRALIA
Gold  Argor-Heraeus S.A.  SWITZERLAND
Gold  Asahi Pretec Corp.  JAPAN
Gold  Asahi Refining Canada Ltd.  CANADA
Gold  Asahi Refining USA Inc.  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold  Asaka Riken Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  Atasay Kuyumculuk Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S.  TURKEY
Gold  Atasay Kuyumculuk Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S.  TURKEY
Gold  AU Traders and Refiners  SOUTH AFRICA
Gold  Augmont Enterprises Private Limited  INDIA
Gold  Aurubis AG  GERMANY
Gold  Bangalore Refinery  INDIA
Gold  Bangalore Refinery  INDIA
Gold  Bangalore Refinery  INDIA

 

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Metal  Smelter Name  Country
Gold  Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank of the Philippines)  PHILIPPINES
Gold  Boliden AB  SWEDEN
Gold  C. Hafner GmbH + Co. KG  GERMANY
Gold  C.I Metales Procesados Industriales SAS  COLOMBIA
Gold  Caridad  MEXICO
Gold  CCR Refinery - Glencore Canada Corporation  CANADA
Gold  CCR Refinery - Glencore Canada Corporation  CANADA
Gold  Cendres + Metaux S.A.  SWITZERLAND
Gold  Cendres + Metaux S.A.  SWITZERLAND
Gold  Cendres + Metaux S.A.  SWITZERLAND
Gold  Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank of the Philippines)  PHILIPPINES
Gold  CGR Metalloys Pvt Ltd.  INDIA
Gold  Yunnan Copper Industry Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  CGR Metalloys Pvt Ltd.  INDIA
Gold  Chimet S.p.A.  ITALY
Gold  Zhongyuan Gold Smelter of Zhongjin Gold Corporation  CHINA
Gold  Shandong Gold Smelting Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Chugai Mining  JAPAN
Gold  Daye Non-Ferrous Metals Mining Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Degussa Sonne / Mond Goldhandel GmbH  GERMANY
Gold  Degussa Sonne / Mond Goldhandel GmbH  GERMANY
Gold  Dijllah Gold Refinery FZC  UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Gold  DSC (Do Sung Corporation)  KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold  DODUCO Contacts and Refining GmbH  GERMANY
Gold  DODUCO Contacts and Refining GmbH  GERMANY
Gold  DSC (Do Sung Corporation)  KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold  Dowa  JAPAN
Gold  Dowa  JAPAN
Gold  Dowa  JAPAN
Gold  Dowa  JAPAN
Gold  TSK Pretech  KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold  DSC (Do Sung Corporation)  KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold  Eco-System Recycling Co., Ltd. East Plant  JAPAN
Gold  Eco-System Recycling Co., Ltd. North Plant  JAPAN
Gold  Eco-System Recycling Co., Ltd. West Plant  JAPAN
Gold  JSC Ekaterinburg Non-Ferrous Metal Processing Plant  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold  Emerald Jewel Industry India Limited (Unit 1)  INDIA

 

12

 

 

Metal  Smelter Name  Country
Gold  Emerald Jewel Industry India Limited (Unit 2)  INDIA
Gold  Emerald Jewel Industry India Limited (Unit 3)  INDIA
Gold  Emerald Jewel Industry India Limited (Unit 4)  INDIA
Gold  Emirates Gold DMCC  UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Gold  Moscow Special Alloys Processing Plant  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold  Fidelity Printers and Refiners Ltd.  ZIMBABWE
Gold  JSC Novosibirsk Refinery  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold  Fujairah Gold FZC  UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Gold  Gold Refinery of Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  GCC Gujrat Gold Centre Pvt. Ltd.  INDIA
Gold  Geib Refining Corporation  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold  Gold Coast Refinery  GHANA
Gold  Shandong Gold Smelting Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Gold Refinery of Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Great Wall Precious Metals Co., Ltd. of CBPM  CHINA
Gold  Great Wall Precious Metals Co., Ltd. of CBPM  CHINA
Gold  Guangdong Jinding Gold Limited  CHINA
Gold  Guangdong Jinding Gold Limited  CHINA
Gold  GCC Gujrat Gold Centre Pvt. Ltd.  INDIA
Gold  Guoda Safina High-Tech Environmental Refinery Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Hangzhou Fuchunjiang Smelting Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  LT Metal Ltd.  KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold  Heimerle + Meule GmbH  GERMANY
Gold  Zhongyuan Gold Smelter of Zhongjin Gold Corporation  CHINA
Gold  Zhongyuan Gold Smelter of Zhongjin Gold Corporation  CHINA
Gold  Zhongyuan Gold Smelter of Zhongjin Gold Corporation  CHINA
Gold  Heraeus Germany GmbH Co. KG  GERMANY
Gold  Heraeus Metals Hong Kong Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Heraeus Metals Hong Kong Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Heraeus Germany GmbH Co. KG  GERMANY
Gold  Hunan Chenzhou Mining Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Hunan Chenzhou Mining Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Hunan Chenzhou Mining Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Hunan Guiyang yinxing Nonferrous Smelting Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Hunan Guiyang yinxing Nonferrous Smelting Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  HwaSeong CJ CO., LTD.  KOREA, REPUBLIC OF

 

13

 

  

Metal  Smelter Name  Country
Gold  Industrial Refining Company  BELGIUM
Gold  Inner Mongolia Qiankun Gold and Silver Refinery Share Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  International Precious Metal Refiners  UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Gold  Ishifuku Metal Industry Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  Istanbul Gold Refinery  TURKEY
Gold  Italpreziosi  ITALY
Gold  JALAN & Company  INDIA
Gold  Japan Mint  JAPAN
Gold  Jiangxi Copper Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Jiangxi Copper Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Asahi Refining Canada Ltd.  CANADA
Gold  Asahi Refining USA Inc.  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold  Asahi Refining USA Inc.  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold  Asahi Refining Canada Ltd.  CANADA
Gold  JSC Ekaterinburg Non-Ferrous Metal Processing Plant  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold  JSC Novosibirsk Refinery  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold  JSC Uralelectromed  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold  JX Nippon Mining & Metals Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  K.A. Rasmussen  NORWAY
Gold  Kaloti Precious Metals  UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Gold  Kazakhmys Smelting LLC  KAZAKHSTAN
Gold  Kazzinc  KAZAKHSTAN
Gold  Kennecott Utah Copper LLC  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold  KGHM Polska Miedz Spolka Akcyjna  POLAND
Gold  KGHM Polska Miedz Spolka Akcyjna  POLAND
Gold  KGHM Polska Miedz Spolka Akcyjna  POLAND
Gold  Kojima Chemicals Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  Kojima Chemicals Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  KGHM Polska Miedz Spolka Akcyjna  POLAND
Gold  Korea Zinc Co., Ltd.  KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold  Dowa  JAPAN
Gold  Kennecott Utah Copper LLC  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold  Kundan Care Products Ltd.  INDIA
Gold  Kyrgyzaltyn JSC  KYRGYZSTAN
Gold  Kyshtym Copper-Electrolytic Plant ZAO  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold  Caridad  MEXICO

 

 

14

 

 

Metal  Smelter Name  Country
Gold  Shandong Gold Smelting Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  L’azurde Company For Jewelry  SAUDI ARABIA
Gold  Lingbao Gold Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Lingbao Gold Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Lingbao Jinyuan Tonghui Refinery Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  L’Orfebre S.A.  ANDORRA
Gold  LS-NIKKO Copper Inc.  KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold  LT Metal Ltd.  KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold  Luoyang Zijin Yinhui Gold Refinery Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Luoyang Zijin Yinhui Gold Refinery Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Luoyang Zijin Yinhui Gold Refinery Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Marsam Metals  BRAZIL
Gold  Materion  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold  Matsuda Sangyo Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  MD Overseas  INDIA
Gold  Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  Metal Concentrators SA (Pty) Ltd.  SOUTH AFRICA
Gold  Metalurgica Met-Mex Penoles S.A. De C.V.  MEXICO
Gold  Metallix Refining Inc.  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold  Umicore S.A. Business Unit Precious Metals Refining  BELGIUM
Gold  Metalor Technologies S.A.  SWITZERLAND
Gold  Metalor Technologies (Hong Kong) Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Metalor Technologies (Singapore) Pte., Ltd.  SINGAPORE
Gold  Metalor Technologies (Suzhou) Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Metalor Technologies S.A.  SWITZERLAND
Gold  Metalor USA Refining Corporation  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold  Metalurgica Met-Mex Penoles S.A. De C.V.  MEXICO
Gold  Metalurgica Met-Mex Penoles S.A. De C.V.  MEXICO
Gold  Metalurgica Met-Mex Penoles S.A. De C.V.  MEXICO
Gold  Metalurgica Met-Mex Penoles S.A. De C.V.  MEXICO
Gold  Mitsubishi Materials Corporation  JAPAN
Gold  Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  MMTC-PAMP India Pvt., Ltd.  INDIA
Gold  Modeltech Sdn Bhd  MALAYSIA
Gold  Morris and Watson  NEW ZEALAND
Gold  Moscow Special Alloys Processing Plant  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold  Nadir Metal Rafineri San. Ve Tic. A.S.  TURKEY
Gold  Nadir Metal Rafineri San. Ve Tic. A.S.  TURKEY

 

15

 

 

Metal  Smelter Name  Country
Gold  Navoi Mining and Metallurgical Combinat  UZBEKISTAN
Gold  NH Recytech Company  KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold  Nihon Material Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  Aurubis AG  GERMANY
Gold  Ogussa Osterreichische Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt GmbH  AUSTRIA
Gold  Ogussa Osterreichische Gold- und Silber-Scheideanstalt GmbH  AUSTRIA
Gold  Ohura Precious Metal Industry Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  OJSC “The Gulidov Krasnoyarsk Non-Ferrous Metals Plant” (OJSC Krastsvetmet)  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold  OJSC “The Gulidov Krasnoyarsk Non-Ferrous Metals Plant” (OJSC Krastsvetmet)  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold  JSC Novosibirsk Refinery  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold  PAMP S.A.  SWITZERLAND
Gold  JX Nippon Mining & Metals Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  Pease & Curren  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold  Penglai Penggang Gold Industry Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Western Australian Mint (T/a The Perth Mint)  AUSTRALIA
Gold  Western Australian Mint (T/a The Perth Mint)  AUSTRALIA
Gold  Planta Recuperadora de Metales SpA  CHILE
Gold  Prioksky Plant of Non-Ferrous Metals  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold  PAMP S.A.  SWITZERLAND
Gold  PT Aneka Tambang (Persero) Tbk  INDONESIA
Gold  PX Precinox S.A.  SWITZERLAND
Gold  PX Precinox S.A.  SWITZERLAND
Gold  QG Refining, LLC  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold  Rand Refinery (Pty) Ltd.  SOUTH AFRICA
Gold  LS-NIKKO Copper Inc.  KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold  Refinery of Seemine Gold Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  REMONDIS PMR B.V.  NETHERLANDS
Gold  REMONDIS PMR B.V.  NETHERLANDS
Gold  Royal Canadian Mint  CANADA
Gold  SAAMP  FRANCE
Gold  Sabin Metal Corp.  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold  Safimet S.p.A  ITALY
Gold  SAFINA A.S.  CZECHIA
Gold  JX Nippon Mining & Metals Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  Sai Refinery  INDIA

 

16

 

 

Metal  Smelter Name  Country
Gold  Samduck Precious Metals  KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold  Samduck Precious Metals  KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold  Samwon Metals Corp.  KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold  Sancus ZFS (L’Orfebre, SA)  COLOMBIA
Gold  SAXONIA Edelmetalle GmbH  GERMANY
Gold  Samduck Precious Metals  KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold  Sellem Industries Ltd.  MAURITANIA
Gold  SEMPSA Joyeria Plateria S.A.  SPAIN
Gold  SEMPSA Joyeria Plateria S.A.  SPAIN
Gold  SEMPSA Joyeria Plateria S.A.  SPAIN
Gold  Shandong Gold Smelting Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Shandong Gold Smelting Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Shandong Gold Smelting Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Guoda Safina High-Tech Environmental Refinery Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Shandong Gold Smelting Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Shandong Humon Smelting Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Shandong Gold Smelting Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Shandong Tiancheng Biological Gold Industrial Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Shandong Tiancheng Biological Gold Industrial Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Shandong Zhaojin Gold & Silver Refinery Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Shandong Gold Smelting Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Shenzhen Zhonghenglong Real Industry Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Shirpur Gold Refinery Ltd.  INDIA
Gold  Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K.  JAPAN
Gold  SOE Shyolkovsky Factory of Secondary Precious Metals  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold  Sichuan Tianze Precious Metals Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K.  JAPAN
Gold  Singway Technology Co., Ltd.  TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA
Gold  Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  SOE Shyolkovsky Factory of Secondary Precious Metals  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Gold  Solar Applied Materials Technology Corp.  TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA
Gold  Solar Applied Materials Technology Corp.  TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA

 

17

 

 

Metal  Smelter Name  Country
Gold  Solar Applied Materials Technology Corp.  TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA
Gold  Sovereign Metals  INDIA
Gold  State Research Institute Center for Physical Sciences and Technology  LITHUANIA
Gold  Sudan Gold Refinery  SUDAN
Gold  Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  SungEel HiMetal Co., Ltd.  KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold  SungEel HiMetal Co., Ltd.  KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold  T.C.A S.p.A  ITALY
Gold  Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  JX Nippon Mining & Metals Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K.  JAPAN
Gold  Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K.  JAPAN
Gold  Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K.  JAPAN
Gold  Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K.  JAPAN
Gold  Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K.  JAPAN
Gold  Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K.  JAPAN
Gold  Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K.  JAPAN
Gold  Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K.  JAPAN
Gold  Great Wall Precious Metals Co., Ltd. of CBPM  CHINA
Gold  Western Australian Mint (T/a The Perth Mint)  AUSTRALIA
Gold  Shandong Gold Smelting Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Tokuriki Honten Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Tongling Nonferrous Metals Group Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Industrial Refining Company  BELGIUM
Gold  TOO Tau-Ken-Altyn  KAZAKHSTAN
Gold  Torecom  KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold  Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  TSK Pretech  KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Gold  Umicore S.A. Business Unit Precious Metals Refining  BELGIUM
Gold  Umicore Precious Metals Thailand  THAILAND
Gold  Umicore S.A. Business Unit Precious Metals Refining  BELGIUM
Gold  United Precious Metal Refining, Inc.  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold  Valcambi S.A.  SWITZERLAND
Gold  Value Trading  BELGIUM
Gold  WEEEREFINING  FRANCE

 

18

 

 

Metal  Smelter Name  Country
Gold  Western Australian Mint (T/a The Perth Mint)  AUSTRALIA
Gold  WIELAND Edelmetalle GmbH  GERMANY
Gold  Materion  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Gold  CCR Refinery - Glencore Canada Corporation  CANADA
Gold  Yamakin Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  Yamakin Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  Yamakin Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  Yamakin Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  Guoda Safina High-Tech Environmental Refinery Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Yokohama Metal Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Gold  Yunnan Copper Industry Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Shandong Zhaojin Gold & Silver Refinery Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Shandong Zhaojin Gold & Silver Refinery Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Shandong Zhaojin Gold & Silver Refinery Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Shandong Zhaojin Gold & Silver Refinery Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Shandong Zhaojin Gold & Silver Refinery Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Shandong Zhaojin Gold & Silver Refinery Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Shandong Zhaojin Gold & Silver Refinery Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Zhongyuan Gold Smelter of Zhongjin Gold Corporation  CHINA
Gold  Zhongyuan Gold Smelter of Zhongjin Gold Corporation  CHINA
Gold  Gold Refinery of Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold  Gold Refinery of Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Gold      
Gold  Unknown  Unknown
Tantalum  Asaka Riken Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Tantalum  Changsha South Tantalum Niobium Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tantalum  Changsha South Tantalum Niobium Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tantalum  D Block Metals, LLC  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tantalum  Exotech Inc.  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tantalum  F&X Electro-Materials Ltd.  CHINA
Tantalum  F&X Electro-Materials Ltd.  CHINA
Tantalum  FIR Metals & Resource Ltd.  CHINA
Tantalum  Global Advanced Metals Aizu  JAPAN
Tantalum  Global Advanced Metals Boyertown  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

 

19

 

 

Metal  Smelter Name  Country
Tantalum  XIMEI RESOURCES (GUANGDONG) LIMITED  CHINA
Tantalum  TANIOBIS Co., Ltd.  THAILAND
Tantalum  H.C. Starck Hermsdorf GmbH  GERMANY
Tantalum  H.C. Starck Inc.  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tantalum  TANIOBIS Japan Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Tantalum  TANIOBIS Smelting GmbH & Co. KG  GERMANY
Tantalum  TANIOBIS GmbH  GERMANY
Tantalum  Hengyang King Xing Lifeng New Materials Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tantalum  Jiangxi Dinghai Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tantalum  Jiangxi Tuohong New Raw Material  CHINA
Tantalum  JiuJiang JinXin Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tantalum  Jiujiang Tanbre Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tantalum  Jiujiang Tanbre Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tantalum  Jiujiang Zhongao Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tantalum  KEMET de Mexico  MEXICO
Tantalum  KEMET de Mexico  MEXICO
Tantalum  LSM Brasil S.A.  BRAZIL
Tantalum  Meta Materials  NORTH MACEDONIA, REPUBLIC OF
Tantalum  Metallurgical Products India Pvt., Ltd.  INDIA
Tantalum  Metallurgical Products India Pvt., Ltd.  INDIA
Tantalum  Mineracao Taboca S.A.  BRAZIL
Tantalum  Mineracao Taboca S.A.  BRAZIL
Tantalum  Mineracao Taboca S.A.  BRAZIL
Tantalum  Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Tantalum  Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Tantalum  NPM Silmet AS  ESTONIA
Tantalum  Ningxia Orient Tantalum Industry Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tantalum  Ningxia Orient Tantalum Industry Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tantalum  NPM Silmet AS  ESTONIA
Tantalum  Meta Materials  NORTH MACEDONIA, REPUBLIC OF
Tantalum  Meta Materials  NORTH MACEDONIA, REPUBLIC OF
Tantalum  Meta Materials  NORTH MACEDONIA, REPUBLIC OF
Tantalum  QuantumClean  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tantalum  Resind Industria e Comercio Ltda.  BRAZIL
Tantalum  Resind Industria e Comercio Ltda.  BRAZIL

 

20

 

 

Metal  Smelter Name  Country
Tantalum  Resind Industria e Comercio Ltda.  BRAZIL
Tantalum  Yanling Jincheng Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tantalum  Yanling Jincheng Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tantalum  Solikamsk Magnesium Works OAO  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tantalum  Solikamsk Magnesium Works OAO  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tantalum  Solikamsk Magnesium Works OAO  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tantalum  Taki Chemical Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Tantalum  Taki Chemical Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Tantalum  TANIOBIS Co., Ltd.  THAILAND
Tantalum  TANIOBIS GmbH  GERMANY
Tantalum  TANIOBIS Japan Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Tantalum  TANIOBIS Smelting GmbH & Co. KG  GERMANY
Tantalum  Telex Metals  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tantalum  Ulba Metallurgical Plant JSC  KAZAKHSTAN
Tantalum  Ulba Metallurgical Plant JSC  KAZAKHSTAN
Tantalum  XIMEI RESOURCES (GUANGDONG) LIMITED  CHINA
Tantalum  XinXing HaoRong Electronic Material Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tantalum  Yancheng Jinye New Material Technology Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tantalum  Yanling Jincheng Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tantalum  Yanling Jincheng Tantalum & Niobium Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tantalum  TANIOBIS Japan Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Tantalum      
Tantalum  Unknown  Unknown
Tin  Alpha  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tin  Alpha  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tin  Alpha  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tin  Alpha  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tin  Alpha  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tin  An Vinh Joint Stock Mineral Processing Company  VIET NAM
Tin  PT Refined Bangka Tin  INDONESIA
Tin  Yunnan Chengfeng Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Chenzhou Yunxiang Mining and Metallurgy Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Chenzhou Yunxiang Mining and Metallurgy Co., Ltd.  CHINA

 

21

 

 

Metal  Smelter Name  Country
Tin  Chifeng Dajingzi Tin Industry Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  China Tin Group Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  China Tin Group Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  China Tin Group Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Yunnan Tin Company Limited  CHINA
Tin  Alpha  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tin  Alpha  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tin  Alpha  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tin  CRM Fundicao De Metais E Comercio De Equipamentos Eletronicos Do Brasil Ltda  BRAZIL
Tin  CRM Fundicao De Metais E Comercio De Equipamentos Eletronicos Do Brasil Ltda  BRAZIL
Tin  CRM Synergies  SPAIN
Tin  CV Ayi Jaya  INDONESIA
Tin  PT Aries Kencana Sejahtera  INDONESIA
Tin  PT Rajehan Ariq  INDONESIA
Tin  CV Venus Inti Perkasa  INDONESIA
Tin  Dongguan CiEXPO Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Dowa  JAPAN
Tin  Dowa  JAPAN
Tin  Electro-Mechanical Facility of the Cao Bang Minerals & Metallurgy Joint Stock Company  VIET NAM
Tin  EM Vinto  BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)
Tin  EM Vinto  BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)
Tin  EM Vinto  BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)
Tin  EM Vinto  BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)
Tin  Estanho de Rondonia S.A.  BRAZIL
Tin  Estanho de Rondonia S.A.  BRAZIL
Tin  Fabrica Auricchio Industria e Comercio Ltda.  BRAZIL
Tin  Fabrica Auricchio Industria e Comercio Ltda.  BRAZIL
Tin  Fabrica Auricchio Industria e Comercio Ltda.  BRAZIL
Tin  Fenix Metals  POLAND
Tin  Minsur  PERU
Tin  Yunnan Chengfeng Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Gejiu City Fuxiang Industry and Trade Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Gejiu Fengming Metallurgy Chemical Plant  CHINA

 

22

 

 

Metal  Smelter Name  Country
Tin  Gejiu City Fuxiang Industry and Trade Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Gejiu Kai Meng Industry and Trade LLC  CHINA
Tin  Gejiu Non-Ferrous Metal Processing Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Gejiu Yunxin Nonferrous Electrolysis Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Gejiu Zili Mining And Metallurgy Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Gejiu Zili Mining And Metallurgy Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  China Tin Group Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  China Tin Group Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Guangdong Hanhe Non-Ferrous Metal Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  China Tin Group Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  China Tin Group Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  HuiChang Hill Tin Industry Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  PT Timah Tbk Mentok  INDONESIA
Tin  Jiangxi New Nanshan Technology Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Jiangxi New Nanshan Technology Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Gejiu Kai Meng Industry and Trade LLC  CHINA
Tin  Gejiu Kai Meng Industry and Trade LLC  CHINA
Tin  Gejiu Kai Meng Industry and Trade LLC  CHINA
Tin  PT Timah Tbk Kundur  INDONESIA
Tin  China Tin Group Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Luna Smelter, Ltd.  RWANDA
Tin  Ma’anshan Weitai Tin Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Magnu’s Minerais Metais e Ligas Ltda.  BRAZIL
Tin  Malaysia Smelting Corporation (MSC)  MALAYSIA
Tin  Melt Metais e Ligas S.A.  BRAZIL
Tin  PT Timah Tbk Mentok  INDONESIA
Tin  China Tin Group Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Metallic Resources, Inc.  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tin  Metallo Belgium N.V.  BELGIUM
Tin  Metallo Spain S.L.U.  SPAIN
Tin  Mineracao Taboca S.A.  BRAZIL
Tin  Mineracao Taboca S.A.  BRAZIL
Tin  Mineracao Taboca S.A.  BRAZIL
Tin  VQB Mineral and Trading Group JSC  VIET NAM
Tin  Minsur  PERU
Tin  Mitsubishi Materials Corporation  JAPAN
Tin  Modeltech Sdn Bhd  MALAYSIA
Tin  Malaysia Smelting Corporation (MSC)  MALAYSIA
Tin  Jiangxi New Nanshan Technology Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Jiangxi New Nanshan Technology Ltd.  CHINA

 

23

 

 

Metal  Smelter Name  Country
Tin  Nghe Tinh Non-Ferrous Metals Joint Stock Company  VIET NAM
Tin  Novosibirsk Processing Plant Ltd.  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tin  O.M. Manufacturing (Thailand) Co., Ltd.  THAILAND
Tin  O.M. Manufacturing Philippines, Inc.  PHILIPPINES
Tin  Operaciones Metalurgicas S.A.  BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)
Tin  Operaciones Metalurgicas S.A.  BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)
Tin  Operaciones Metalurgicas S.A.  BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)
Tin  Pongpipat Company Limited  MYANMAR
Tin  Precious Minerals and Smelting Limited  INDIA
Tin  PT Aries Kencana Sejahtera  INDONESIA
Tin  PT Artha Cipta Langgeng  INDONESIA
Tin  PT ATD Makmur Mandiri Jaya  INDONESIA
Tin  PT Babel Surya Alam Lestari  INDONESIA
Tin  PT Bangka Serumpun  INDONESIA
Tin  PT Lautan Harmonis Sejahtera  INDONESIA
Tin  PT Menara Cipta Mulia  INDONESIA
Tin  PT Mitra Stania Prima  INDONESIA
Tin  PT Mitra Sukses Globalindo  INDONESIA
Tin  PT Prima Timah Utama  INDONESIA
Tin  PT Rajawali Rimba Perkasa  INDONESIA
Tin  PT Rajehan Ariq  INDONESIA
Tin  PT Refined Bangka Tin  INDONESIA
Tin  PT Stanindo Inti Perkasa  INDONESIA
Tin  PT Timah Tbk Kundur  INDONESIA
Tin  PT Timah Nusantara  INDONESIA
Tin  PT Timah Tbk Kundur  INDONESIA
Tin  PT Timah Tbk Mentok  INDONESIA
Tin  PT Tinindo Inter Nusa  INDONESIA
Tin  Resind Industria e Comercio Ltda.  BRAZIL
Tin  Resind Industria e Comercio Ltda.  BRAZIL
Tin  Resind Industria e Comercio Ltda.  BRAZIL
Tin  Rui Da Hung  TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA
Tin  Yunnan Tin Company Limited  CHINA
Tin  Soft Metais Ltda.  BRAZIL
Tin  Super Ligas  BRAZIL
Tin  Thai Nguyen Mining and Metallurgy Co., Ltd.  VIET NAM
Tin  Thaisarco  THAILAND

 

24

 

 

Metal  Smelter Name  Country
Tin  Thaisarco  THAILAND
Tin  Thaisarco  THAILAND
Tin  Gejiu Yunxin Nonferrous Electrolysis Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Yunnan Tin Company Limited  CHINA
Tin  Tin Technology & Refining  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tin  Mineracao Taboca S.A.  BRAZIL
Tin  Tuyen Quang Non-Ferrous Metals Joint Stock Company  VIET NAM
Tin  PT Timah Tbk Kundur  INDONESIA
Tin  VQB Mineral and Trading Group JSC  VIET NAM
Tin  White Solder Metalurgia e Mineracao Ltda.  BRAZIL
Tin  White Solder Metalurgia e Mineracao Ltda.  BRAZIL
Tin  White Solder Metalurgia e Mineracao Ltda.  BRAZIL
Tin  China Tin Group Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Yunnan Tin Company Limited  CHINA
Tin  Gejiu Yunxin Nonferrous Electrolysis Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Yunnan Chengfeng Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Yunnan Chengfeng Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Yunnan Chengfeng Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Gejiu Yunxin Nonferrous Electrolysis Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Gejiu Zili Mining And Metallurgy Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Yunnan Chengfeng Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Yunnan Tin Company Limited  CHINA
Tin  Yunnan Tin Company Limited  CHINA
Tin  Yunnan Chengfeng Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Yunnan Tin Company Limited  CHINA
Tin  Yunnan Yunfan Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin  Yunnan Tin Company Limited  CHINA
Tin  Gejiu Yunxin Nonferrous Electrolysis Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tin      
Tin  Unknown  Unknown
Tungsten  A.L.M.T. Corp.  JAPAN
Tungsten  A.L.M.T. Corp.  JAPAN
Tungsten  ACL Metais Eireli  BRAZIL
Tungsten  Albasteel Industria e Comercio de Ligas Para Fundicao Ltd.  BRAZIL
Tungsten  A.L.M.T. Corp.  JAPAN
Tungsten  A.L.M.T. Corp.  JAPAN

 

25

 

 

Metal  Smelter Name  Country
Tungsten  A.L.M.T. Corp.  JAPAN
Tungsten  Artek LLC  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tungsten  Asia Tungsten Products Vietnam Ltd.  VIET NAM
Tungsten  Kennametal Huntsville  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tungsten  Kennametal Huntsville  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tungsten  Guangdong Xianglu Tungsten Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Chenzhou Diamond Tungsten Products Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  China Molybdenum Tungsten Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  China Molybdenum Tungsten Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  China Molybdenum Tungsten Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Ganzhou Huaxing Tungsten Products Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Chongyi Zhangyuan Tungsten Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  CNMC (Guangxi) PGMA Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Cronimet Brasil Ltda  BRAZIL
Tungsten  Fujian Ganmin RareMetal Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Fujian Xinlu Tungsten  CHINA
Tungsten  Ganzhou Haichuang Tungsten Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Ganzhou Huaxing Tungsten Products Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Ganzhou Jiangwu Ferrotungsten Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Ganzhou Seadragon W & Mo Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  GEM Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Global Tungsten & Powders Corp.  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tungsten  Global Tungsten & Powders Corp.  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tungsten  Guangdong Xianglu Tungsten Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  TANIOBIS Smelting GmbH & Co. KG  GERMANY
Tungsten  H.C. Starck Tungsten GmbH  GERMANY
Tungsten  Ganzhou Jiangwu Ferrotungsten Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Hunan Chunchang Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Hunan Chenzhou Mining Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Hunan Chenzhou Mining Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Hunan Chunchang Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Hunan Litian Tungsten Industry Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Hydrometallurg, JSC  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tungsten  Japan New Metals Co., Ltd.  JAPAN
Tungsten  Jiangwu H.C. Starck Tungsten Products Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Jiangxi Gan Bei Tungsten Co., Ltd.  CHINA

 

26

 

 

Metal  Smelter Name  Country
Tungsten  Jiangxi Minmetals Gao’an Non-ferrous Metals Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Jiangxi Tonggu Non-ferrous Metallurgical & Chemical Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Ganzhou Huaxing Tungsten Products Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Ganzhou Huaxing Tungsten Products Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Jiangxi Xinsheng Tungsten Industry Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Jiangxi Yaosheng Tungsten Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  JSC “Kirovgrad Hard Alloys Plant”  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tungsten  Kennametal Fallon  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tungsten  Kennametal Huntsville  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tungsten  KGETS Co., Ltd.  KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Tungsten  Lianyou Metals Co., Ltd.  TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA
Tungsten  Malipo Haiyu Tungsten Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Masan High-Tech Materials  VIET NAM
Tungsten  Masan High-Tech Materials  VIET NAM
Tungsten  Moliren Ltd.  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tungsten  Niagara Refining LLC  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tungsten  NPP Tyazhmetprom LLC  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tungsten  Masan High-Tech Materials  VIET NAM
Tungsten  OOO “Technolom” 1  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tungsten  OOO “Technolom” 2  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tungsten  Philippine Chuangxin Industrial Co., Inc.  PHILIPPINES
Tungsten  TANIOBIS Smelting GmbH & Co. KG  GERMANY
Tungsten  Unecha Refractory metals plant  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Tungsten  Wolfram Bergbau und Hutten AG  AUSTRIA
Tungsten  Wolfram Bergbau und Hutten AG  AUSTRIA
Tungsten  Wolfram Bergbau und Hutten AG  AUSTRIA
Tungsten  Wolfram Bergbau und Hutten AG  AUSTRIA
Tungsten  Woltech Korea Co., Ltd.  KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
Tungsten  Xiamen Tungsten (H.C.) Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Xiamen Tungsten (H.C.) Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Xiamen Tungsten Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Xinfeng Huarui Tungsten & Molybdenum New Material Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  Chongyi Zhangyuan Tungsten Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten  China Molybdenum Tungsten Co., Ltd.  CHINA
Tungsten      
Tungsten  Unknown  Unknown

 

27

 

 

Annex 2

 

Reported Country of Origin

 

Gold

  Tantalum  Tin  Tungsten
ANDORRA  BRAZIL  BELGIUM  AUSTRIA
AUSTRALIA  CHINA  BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)  BRAZIL
AUSTRIA  ESTONIA  BRAZIL  CHINA
BELGIUM  GERMANY  CHINA  GERMANY
BRAZIL  INDIA  INDIA  JAPAN
CANADA  JAPAN  INDONESIA  KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
CHILE  KAZAKHSTAN  JAPAN  PHILIPPINES
CHINA  MEXICO  MALAYSIA  RUSSIAN FEDERATION
COLOMBIA  NORTH MACEDONIA, REPUBLIC OF  MYANMAR  TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA
CZECHIA  RUSSIAN FEDERATION  PERU  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
FRANCE  THAILAND  PHILIPPINES  Unknown
GERMANY  UNITED STATES OF AMERICA  POLAND  VIET NAM
GHANA  Unknown  RUSSIAN FEDERATION   
INDIA     RWANDA   
INDONESIA     SPAIN   
ITALY     TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA   
JAPAN     THAILAND   
KAZAKHSTAN     UNITED STATES OF AMERICA   
KOREA, REPUBLIC OF     Unknown   
KYRGYZSTAN     VIET NAM   
LITHUANIA         
MALAYSIA         
MAURITANIA         
MEXICO         
NETHERLANDS         
NEW ZEALAND         
NORWAY         
PHILIPPINES         
POLAND         
RUSSIAN FEDERATION         
SAUDI ARABIA         
SINGAPORE         
SOUTH AFRICA         
SPAIN         
SUDAN         
SWEDEN         
SWITZERLAND         
TAIWAN, PROVINCE OF CHINA         
THAILAND         
TURKEY         
UGANDA         
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES         
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA         
Unknown         
UZBEKISTAN         
ZIMBABWE         

 

28